2,3-dihydroisoindole-1-carboxamides useful as ror-gamma modulators

ABSTRACT

The present specification provides a compound of formula (I):or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; a process for preparing such a compound; and to the use of such a compound in the treatment of an RORγ and/or RORγt mediated disease state.

This specification relates to arylamide compounds having pharmaceuticalactivity, to processes for preparing such compounds, to pharmaceuticalcompositions comprising such compounds and to the use of such compoundsas active therapeutic agents.

Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs) are a family oftranscription factors which belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily.The family is comprised of three genes, RORA, RORB, and RORC, all ofwhich express more than one isoform of the protein (Jetten, A M;Kurebayashi, S; Ueda, E. (2006) Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol.69:205-47). RORC (also known as RORγ or NR1F3) is translated into twomajor protein isoforms which share most of the amino acid sequence,including the ligand binding domain, but differ 21 amino acids in lengthin the N-terminal end. The two isoforms are differentially expressed.The longer form (RORγ) is found in many tissues such as liver, kidney,muscle and some cells of hematopoietic origin whereas the shorter form(RORγt) is expressed in the thymus and cells of the immune system (He, YW; Deftos, M L; Ojala, E W; Bevan, M J (1998) Immunity 9(6):797-806).RORγt has been shown to be required for differentiation and function ofTh17 cells and coordinates the expression of IL17 in many immune cells(Ivanov, II; McKenzie, B S; Zhou, L; Littman, D R et al. (2006) Cell126:1121-1133). Th17 cells are a subset of T helper cells that produceIL17, IL22, and other cytokines. They attain their Th17 phenotypethrough local exposure to a combination of cytokines such as TGFβ, IL1βand IL23. The mediators and transcription factors that are required fortheir differentiation, polarization and effector function are referredto as the Th17 axis, and the Th17 axis includes other cell types whichproduce the same cytokines (and corresponding receptors), such as innatelymphoid cells (ILCs) and γδ T cells.

The Th17 axis of biological processes has been implicated in thepathology of many human diseases with an immune component or autoimmunepathology, such as psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriaticarthritis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ulcerativecolitis, Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory boweldisease, rheumatoid arthritis, graft versus host disease, systemic lupuserythematosus, lupus nephritis, insulin dependent diabetes type I, andalso in cancer (Wilke C M, Bishop K, Fox D, Zou W (2011) Trends Immunol.32(12):603-11; Bartlett, H S; Million, R P (2015) Nat. Rev. DrugDiscovery 14:11-12). Many of these diseases share genetic associationsto genes contained in the Th17 axis (Gaffen S L, Jain R, Garg A V, Cua DJ (2014) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 14(9):585-600).

RORγt is central to the Th17 axis since it is required for the functionof Th17 cells and governs cytokine production and related biologicalprocesses in many other cell types. Due to the central role of RORγt itis desirable to regulate RORγt activity as a means of treatment ofdiseases where the Th17 axis is perturbed. Accordingly there is a needfor new therapeutic agents which modulate RORγt.

Briefly, this specification describes, in part, a compound of formula(I):

wherein:

R¹ is H, (CO)R⁴ or (CO)NH—C₁₋₆ alkyl;

R² is C₁₋₆ alkyl or CH₂-cyclopropyl;

R³ is C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, CN, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, NR⁵R⁶,CH₂(CO)—O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, CH₂(CO)NR⁷R⁸, wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl is furtheroptionally substituted with one substituent selected from OH, halo, CN,heteroaryl, or NH(CO)Me, and wherein each heteroaryl is furtheroptionally substituted with one methyl group;

R⁴ is:

-   -   H;    -   C₁₋₆ alkyl optionally substituted with one substituent selected        from OH, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, COOH or NH₂;    -   C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl optionally substituted with C₁₋₆ alkoxy; or    -   C₁₋₆ alkoxy;

R⁵ is H or C₁₋₆ alkyl;

R⁶ is C₁₋₆ alkyl or heterocycloalkyl, wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl is furtheroptionally substituted with one substituent selected from OH, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl (itself optionally substituted by C₁₋₆ alkoxy)or SO₂Me;

R⁷ is H or C₁₋₆ alkyl;

R⁸ is C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl or C₁₋₆ alkyl wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl is furtheroptionally substituted with halo; or

R⁷ and R⁸ together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bothattached form a heterocycloalkyl (itself optionally substituted with oneor two substituents selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl or halo);

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

This specification also describes, in part, pharmaceutical compositionswhich comprise a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptableexcipients.

This specification also describes, in part, a compound of formula (I),or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in therapy.

This specification also describes, in part, a compound of formula (I),or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment orprevention of an RORγ and/or RORγt mediated disease state.

This specification also describes, in part, the use of a compound offormula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in themanufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment or prevention of anRORγ and/or RORγt mediated disease state.

This specification also describes, in part, a method of treating orpreventing an RORγ and/or RORγt mediated disease state in a mammalsuffering from, or at risk of, said disease, which comprisesadministering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.

Further aspects of the specification will be apparent to one skilled inthe art from reading this specification.

The compounds of the specification may exist in salt-form or in non-saltform (i.e. as a free base), and the present specification covers bothsalt forms and non-salt forms. Compounds described in this specificationmay form acid addition salts or base addition salts. In general, an acidaddition salt can be prepared using various inorganic or organic acids.Such salts can typically be formed by, for example, mixing the compoundwith an acid (e.g. a stoichiometric amount of an acid) using variousmethods known in the art. This mixing may occur in water, an organicsolvent (e.g. ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, oracetonitrile), or an aqueous/organic mixture. In another aspect of thespecification acid addition salts are, for example, trifluoroacetate,formate, acetate or hydrochloric. In general, a base addition salt canbe prepared using various inorganic or organic bases, for example analkali or alkaline earth metal salt such as a sodium, calcium ormagnesium salt, or other metal salts, such as potassium or zinc, or anammonium salt, or a salt with an organic base such as methylamine,dimethylamine, trimethylamine, piperidine or morpholine. The skilledperson will be aware of the general principles and techniques ofpreparing pharmaceutical salts, such as those described in, for example,Berge et al., J. Pharm. Sci., 66, 1-19 (1977).

Compounds and salts described in this specification include one or morechiral (i.e. asymmetric) centres. To the extent a structure or chemicalname in this specification does not indicate the chirality, thestructure or name is intended to encompass any single stereoisomer (i.e.any single chiral isomer) corresponding to that structure or name, aswell as any mixture of stereoisomers (e.g. a racemate). For example, asingle stereoisomer could be obtained by isolating it from a mixture ofisomers (e.g. a racemate) using, for example, chiral chromatographicseparation. For instance, a single stereoisomer could be obtainedthrough direct synthesis from, for example, an enantiomerically purestarting material.

A particular enantiomer of a compound described herein may be moreactive than the other enantiomer of the same compound.

According to one embodiment there is provided a compound of formula (I),or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is a singleenantiomer being in an enantiomeric excess (% ee) of ≥95, ≥98% or ≥99%.Conveniently, the single enantiomer is present in an enantiomeric excess(% ee) of ≥99%.

According to another embodiment there is provided a pharmaceuticalcomposition, which comprises a compound of formula (I), which is asingle enantiomer being in an enantiomeric excess (% ee) of ≥95, ≥98% or≥99% or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in association withone or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. Conveniently, thesingle enantiomer is present in an enantiomeric excess (% ee) of ≥99%.

When in solid crystalline form a compound of formula (I) can be in theform of a co-crystal with another chemical entity and the specificationencompasses all such co-crystals.

The compounds of the specification may exist as a solvate (such as ahydrate) as well as unsolvated forms, and the present specificationcovers all such solvates.

Compounds and salts described in this specification may exist in varioustautomeric forms and the specification encompasses all such tautomericforms. “Tautomers” are structural isomers that exist in equilibriumresulting from the migration of a hydrogen atom.

Compounds and salts described in this specification may beisotopically-labeled (or “radio-labeled”). In that instance, one or moreatoms are replaced by an atom having an atomic mass or mass numberdifferent from the atomic mass or mass number typically found in nature.The specification encompasses isotopically-labelled forms of compoundsdisclosed herein. Examples of isotopes that may be incorporated include²H (also written as “D” for deuterium), ³H (also written as “T” fortritium), ¹¹C, ¹³C, ¹⁴C, ¹³N, ¹⁵N, ¹⁵O, ¹⁷O, ¹⁸O, ¹⁸F and ³⁶Cl. Theisotope that is used will depend on the specific application of thatradio-labeled derivative. For example, for in vitro receptor labelingand competition assays, ³H or ¹⁴C are often useful. For radio-imagingapplications, ¹¹C is often useful. In some embodiments, the radionuclideis ³H. In some embodiments, the radionuclide is ¹⁴C. In someembodiments, the radionuclide is ¹¹C.

Unless otherwise stated, halo is selected from chloro (Cl), fluoro (F),bromo (Br) and iodo (I), such as fluoro.

Cycloalkyl is a non-aromatic carbocyclic ring. The carbocyclic ring maybe saturated or unsaturated and may be bridged or unbridged. C₃₋₇cycloalkyl is any such carbocyclic ring containing 3 to 7 carbon atoms.An example of C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl is a saturated, non-aromatic carbocyclicring containing 3 to 7 carbon atoms. Examples of suitable cycloalkylgroups are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl andcycloheptyl, such as cyclopropyl.

Heterocycloalkyl is a 3 to 9 membered non-aromatic, mono- or bi-cyclicring comprising one or two heteroatoms independently selected fromnitrogen, oxygen or sulphur; or an N-oxide thereof, or an S-oxide orS-dioxide thereof. The ring may be saturated or unsaturated, and may bebridged or unbridged. An example of heterocycloalkyl is a saturated 4 to6 membered non-aromatic, mono-cyclic ring comprising one or twoheteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen or oxygen. Examples ofsuitable heterocycloalkyl groups include azetidinyl, oxetanyl,tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperidinyl,morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, and piperazinyl, such as azetidinyl,oxetanyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl or morpholinyl.

Aryl is an aromatic ring containing 6 or 10 carbon atoms. Examples ofsuitable aryl groups include phenyl and naphthyl, such as phenyl.

Heteroaryl is a 5 to 6 membered aromatic, mono- or bi-cyclic ringcomprising 3 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen,oxygen and sulphur. An example of heteroaryl is an aromatic 5 membered,mono-cyclic ring comprising three or four heteroatoms independentlyselected from nitrogen or oxygen. Examples of suitable heteroaryl groupsinclude triazolyl, furazanyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, dithiazolyl ortetrazolyl, such as triazolyl, oxadiazolyl and tetrazolyl. For theavoidance of doubt, optional substituents on the heterocycloaryl ringmay be linked via either a carbon atom or a heteroatom.

Unless otherwise stated alkyl and alkoxy groups containing the requisitenumber of carbon atoms can be branched or unbranched. Examples ofsuitable C₁₋₆ alkyl groups include methyl (Me), ethyl (Et), n-propyl,i-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, i-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, i-pentyl,neo-pentyl, n-hexyl and i-hexyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,i-propyl, and t-butyl. Examples of suitable C₁₋₆ alkoxy groups includemethoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy, t-butoxy,n-pentoxy, i-pentoxy, n-hexoxy, i-hexoxy, methoxyethyl, methoxypropyl,ethoxyethyl and methoxybutyl, such as methoxy, and i-propoxy.

In one embodiment R¹ is (CO)R⁴ or (CO)NH—C₁₋₆ alkyl.

In another embodiment R¹ is (CO)R⁴.

In one embodiment R² is unsubstituted C₁₋₆ alkyl.

In one embodiment R² is methyl or ethyl.

In one embodiment R² is methyl.

In one embodiment R² is CH₂-cyclopropyl.

In one embodiment R³ is CN, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or heterocycloalkyl.

In another embodiment R³ is CN, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or a saturated 4 to6-membered non-aromatic, unsubstituted, mono-cyclic ring comprising oneor two heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen or oxygen.

In another embodiment R³ is CN, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or an unsubstitutedpyrrolidinyl.

In another embodiment R³ is CN, methoxy or an unsubstitutedpyrrolidinyl.

In another embodiment R³ is CN.

In another embodiment R³ is methoxy.

In another embodiment R³ is unsubstituted pyrrolidinyl.

In another embodiment R³ is C₁₋₆ alkyl (substituted with OH, halo, CN,heteroaryl optionally substituted with one methyl group, NH(CO)Me), CN,NR⁵R⁶, CH₂(CO)—O—C₁₋₆ alkyl (such as CH₂(CO)—O-Me, CH₂(CO)—O-Et,CH₂(CO)—O-iPr, CH₂(CO)—O-tBu) or CH₂(CO)NR⁷R⁸).

In another embodiment R³ is C₁₋₆ alkyl (substituted with OH, halo, CN,oxadiazole optionally substituted with one methyl, NH(CO)Me), CN, NR⁵R⁶,CH₂(CO)—O—C₁₋₆ alkyl (such as CH₂(CO)—O-Me, CH₂(CO)—O-Et, CH₂(CO)—O-iPr,CH₂(CO)—O-tBu) or CH₂(CO)NR⁷R⁸).

In another embodiment R³ is CN, NR⁵R⁶, CH₂(CO)—O—C₁₋₆ alkyl (such asCH₂(CO)—O-Me, CH₂(CO)—O-Et, CH₂(CO)—O-iPr, CH₂(CO)—O-tBu) orCH₂(CO)NR⁷R⁸).

In another embodiment R³ is CN or NR⁵R⁶.

In another embodiment R³ is heterocycloalkyl.

In another embodiment R³ is a saturated 4 to 6 membered non-aromatic,unsubstituted, mono-cyclic ring comprising one or two heteroatomsindependently selected from nitrogen or oxygen.

In another embodiment R³ is pyrrolidinyl or morpholinyl.

In another embodiment R³ is heteroaryl optionally substituted by methyl.

In another embodiment R³ is an aromatic 5 membered, mono-cyclic ringcomprising three or four nitrogen heteroatoms optionally substituted bymethyl.

In another embodiment R³ is triazole or tetrazole optionally substitutedby methyl.

In one embodiment R⁴ is C₁₋₆ alkyl optionally substituted with OH, C₁₋₆alkoxy, COOH, NH₂ or C₁₋₆ alkoxy (such as methoxy).

In one embodiment R⁴ is C₁₋₆ alkyl (such as methyl) optionallysubstituted with OH or C₁₋₆ alkoxy (such as methoxy).

In one embodiment R⁴ is unsubstituted methyl or methyl substituted withOH or methoxy.

In one embodiment R⁴ is unsubstituted methyl.

In one embodiment R⁴ is methyl substituted with OH.

In one embodiment R⁴ is methoxy.

In one embodiment R⁴ is C₁₋₆ alkyl (such as methyl or ethyl) optionallysubstituted with OH, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, COOH, NH₂.

In one embodiment R⁴ is unsubstituted C₁₋₆ alkyl.

In one embodiment R⁵ is H.

In one embodiment R⁵ is methyl.

In one embodiment R⁶ is C₁₋₆ alkyl optionally substituted with onesubstituent independently selected from the group consisting of OH, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl (itself optionally substituted by C₁₋₆ alkoxy)and SO₂Me.

In another embodiment R⁶ is C₁₋₆ alkyl (such as methyl, ethyl orn-propyl) optionally substituted with one substituent independentlyselected from the group consisting of OH, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl(itself optionally substituted by C₁₋₆ alkoxy) and SO₂Me.

In another embodiment R⁶ is -Me,

—CH₂CH₂OMe, —CH₂CH₂OH, —CH₂CH₂SO₂Me, —CH₂CH₂O^(i)Pr, —CH₂CH₂Me or—CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₂Me.

In another embodiment R⁶ is a saturated 4 to 6 membered non-aromatic,unsubstituted, mono-cyclic ring comprising one oxygen atom.

In another embodiment R⁶ is unsubstituted oxetanyl or unsubstitutedtetrahydropyranyl.

In one embodiment R⁷ is H.

In another embodiment R⁷ is methyl.

In one embodiment R⁸ is C₁₋₆ alkyl (such as methyl, ethyl or t-butyl)optionally substituted with halo (such as fluoro).

In another embodiment R⁸ is unsubstituted methyl, ethyl substituted withfluoro or unsubstituted t-butyl.

In one embodiment R⁷ and R⁸ together with the nitrogen atom to whichthey are both attached form a saturated 4-membered non-aromatic,mono-cyclic ring comprising one nitrogen heteroatom wherein the ring isdi-substituted with a single methyl and a single halo.

In one embodiment R⁷ and R⁸ together form3-fluoro-3-methylazetidin-1-yl.

In a further embodiment, there is provided a compound of formula (I) ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R¹ is (CO)R⁴ or (CO)NH—C₁₋₆ alkyl;

R² is C₁₋₆ alkyl or CH₂-cyclopropyl;

R³ is C₁₋₆ alkoxy, CN or heterocycloalkyl; and

R⁴ is:

-   -   C₁₋₆ alkyl optionally substituted with OH; or    -   C₁₋₆ alkoxy.

In another embodiment, there is provided the compound of formula (I)which exhibits R-stereochemistry at the carbon atom marked with anasterisk as shown below:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Where any embodiment within this specification includes a group which issaid to be “optionally substituted”, then unless otherwise stated thesaid group may be unsubstituted or may be substituted with 1, 2 or 3substituents (such as 1 or 2 substituents, for example 1 substituent)independently selected from the list of substituents provided. For theavoidance of doubt a further embodiment will include that embodimentwherein the said group is unsubstituted.

Where any embodiment within this specification includes a sub-selectionof a smaller group (using the words “such as” or “for example”), thenfor the avoidance of doubt each sub-selected group represents anadditional embodiment.

An example of a compound of the specification is:

-   N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-[4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-2-[(1-methoxycyclopropyl)carbonyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   N¹-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-N²-methyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindole-1,2-dicarboxamide;-   N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-2-(hydroxyacetyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-2-formyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   Methyl    1-{[4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]carbamoyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindole-2-carboxylate;-   N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-2-(methoxyacetyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   4-[1-{[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]carbamoyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl]-4-oxobutanoic    acid;-   N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-2-glycyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-(3-Aminopropanoyl)-N-[4-[1-cyano-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-1-carboxamide;-   N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-[(cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-[4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-[(cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-[4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(ethylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(propylamino)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-(4-{1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-[(2-methoxyethyl)amino]propan-2-yl}phenyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-{[(1-methoxycyclopropyl)methyl]amino}propan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(oxetan-3-ylamino)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylamino)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-(4-{1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]propan-2-yl}phenyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-{[3-(methylsulfonyl)propyl]amino}propan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(morpholin-4-yl)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(methylamino)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-{4-[2-(dimethylamino)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-{[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}propan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-{[2-(propan-2-yloxy)ethyl]amino}propan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methoxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   Methyl    4,4,4-trifluoro-3-[4-[(5-methylsulfonylisoindoline-1-carbonyl)amino]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate;-   Methyl    3-[4-({[2-acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-yl]carbonyl}amino)phenyl]-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate;-   2-Acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-N-{4-[1,1,1-trifluoro-4-hydroxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-(4-{1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-[(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methyl]propan-2-yl}phenyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-N-{4-[1,1,1,4-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-{4-[2-(cyanomethyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   Ethyl    3-[4-({[2-acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-yl]carbonyl}amino)phenyl]-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate;-   2-Acetyl-N-{4-[4-(cyclopropylamino)-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-N-{4-[1,1,1-trifluoro-4-(3-fluoro-3-methylazetidin-1-yl)-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   Propan-2-yl    3-[4-({[2-acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-yl]carbonyl}amino)phenyl]-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate;-   2-Acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-N-(4-{1,1,1-trifluoro-4-[(2-fluoroethyl)amino]-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl}phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-{4-[4-(dimethylamino)-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-{4-[4-(tert-butylamino)-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   tert-Butyl    3-[4-({[2-acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-yl]carbonyl}amino)phenyl]-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate;    and-   2-Acetyl-N-{4-[4-(acetylamino)-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

A further example of a compound of the specification is:

-   2-Acetyl-N-[4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   N¹-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-N²-methyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindole-1,2-dicarboxamide;-   N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-2-(hydroxyacetyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   Methyl    1-{[4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]carbamoyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindole-2-carboxylate;-   2-Acetyl-N-[4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-[(cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-[4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(ethylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;-   2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;    and-   2-Acetyl-N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methoxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

A further feature is any of the embodiments described above with theproviso that any of the specific Examples are individually disclaimed.For example, a further feature is any of the embodiments described abovewith the proviso that any one or more of the compounds selected from theabove list of examples of compounds of the specification areindividually disclaimed.

In some embodiments, the compound is a compound of formula (I) excludingat least one compound recited in the Examples below. To illustrate, insome such embodiments, the compound is a compound of formula (I)excluding the compound disclosed in Example X, wherein X may be 1, 2, 3,etc. In other embodiments, the compound is a compound of formula (I)excluding the compounds disclosed in Examples Y, wherein Y may be anycombination of 1, 2, 3, etc.

GENERAL METHODS

The compounds of general formula (I) described in the present inventioncan be readily prepared according to the following reaction schemes.Furthermore, a skilled person in the art will appreciate that wherespecific reaction conditions are used, it is understood that othersuitable reaction conditions may be used to achieve the sametransformation and are thus included in the present invention. It willalso be clear to the skilled person that where synthetic schemes containfunctionalities which may interfere with the desired reaction, suitableprotecting groups can be applied. For examples of protecting groups seeT. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, “Protective Groups in OrganicSynthesis”, Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1999.

Scheme 1 represents a general reaction scheme for preparing compounds offormula (Ia).

In both schemes 1 and 2, Z is either acetyl, or a commonly used amineprotecting group such as, but not limited to, tert-butyl carbamate(Boc), 9-fluorenylmethyl carbamate (Fmoc) or benzyl carbamate (Cbz). R²and R³ are defined as above. An intermediate II is reacted withmethanesulfonic anhydride and a base such as triethylamine and thenfurther reacted with a suitable nucleophilic reagent such as an amine,an alcohol or a triazole to give compounds of Formula (Ia). In the caseof ethers, alkylation of the hydroxyl group is possible.

Scheme 2 illustrates another general method for preparing compounds offormula (Ia), where Z, R² and R³ are defined as above. Intermediate IIIis condensed under standard amide bond forming conditions withintermediate IV. Conditions for this transformation include, but are notlimited to the use of commonly used peptide coupling reagents such asEDC and HOBt, HATU and T3P and are conducted in solvents such as DCM,ethyl actetate or DMF in the presence of bases such as triethylamine,DMAP, isopropyl ethylamine or 2,6-lutidine.

In the case where Z is a commonly used amine protecting group such as,but not limited to tert-butyl carbamate (Boc), 9-fluorenylmethylcarbamate (Fmoc) or benzyl carbamate (Cbz), this can be removed to givethe amine V, a special case of compounds of formula I for R¹═H. Thesecan be obtained either as the free base or as a salt, depending on thedeprotection and isolation conditions (Scheme 3).

As shown in Scheme 4, amine V can then be transformed to an amide, acarbamate or an urea using standard organic chemistry procedures to givecompounds of formula I. The reagents for these transformations such as,but not limited to, carboxylic acids, acid chlorides or anhydrides(R⁴CO₂H, R⁴COCl, (R⁴CO)₂O), and corresponding chloroformates are eithercommercially available or can be prepared using methods known to thoseskilled in the art. Ureas can be formed from the reaction of V withisocyanates C₁₋₆alkyl-N═C═O.

A further way to obtain compounds of formula (I) is described in Schemes5 and 6.

Esters such as VI can be transformed into an acid VII, an alcohol VIIIor heterocycle such as IX using standard organic chemistrytransformations (Scheme 5).

Acids VII can then further react with amines R⁷R⁸NH or alcoholsC₁₋₆alkyl-OH under standard amide or ester bond forming conditions togive amides X or ester derivatives XI as shown in Scheme 6.

Intermediate II is made from commercially available2-(4-aminophenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-propan-2-ol (XII) andintermediate IV (Scheme 7). Conditions for this transformation include,but are not limited to the use of reagents such as EDC and HOBt, HATUand T3P and are conducted in solvents such as DCM, ethyl actetate or DMFin the presence of bases such as triethylamine, DMAP, isopropylethylamine or 2,6-lutidine, similar to those described in Scheme 2.

Intermediates III were usually obtained from the Boc-protectedprecursors XIII, where R³ is as defined above, using standard acidicdeprotection conditions (Scheme 8).

Schemes 9 and 10 show examples for the preparation of variety ofbuilding blocks XIII with different substituents R³. In principle,chemistry similar to those in schemes 1, 5 and 6 is used. Compound XIVis reacted with methanesulfonic anhydride for 30 min in a suitablesolvent such as DCM or ACN, and then reacted further with a suitablenucleophile (Scheme 9).

The ester XIIIc obtained in Scheme 9, can be reduced to the alcohol, andthe alcohol itself can be further converted to a halogen or an aminederivative. Acid XV can also be converted into an amide. All of thesetransformations can be accomplished using standard reaction conditions.

Intermediates IV can be prepared by one of the general methods shown inthe following Schemes. Introduction of the sulphur residue onto bromolactam XVI can be conducted in several ways, by base-catalyzed or metalcatalyzed substitution of the bromine with R²SH, where R² is as definedabove. This leads to thioethers XVII, which after protection of thelactam NH with a suitable protecting group, such as, but not limited toBoc, gives compounds XVIII, which can be subsequently oxidized tosulphones XIX (Scheme 11). The order of the protection and oxidationstep may be changed.

Another approach to thioethers XVII is shown in Scheme 12. A thioetheris formed from the bromo lactam as shown in Scheme 11, but thesubstituent on the sulphur is a protecting group, for example, but notlimited to, benzyl or a methyl-propanoate group. Removal of theprotecting group and alkylation of the resulting thiol then leads to thethioethers.

Further elaboration of these intermediate lactams to the isoindolinecarboxylic acids IV is shown in Scheme 13. Similar chemistry isdescribed in Moran-Ramallal et al. Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 1696-1699.Reduction of protected lactams XIX is followed by introduction of thecyano group, which is subsequently hydrolyzed to the carboxylic acid.The resulting isoindoline XXIV is then either protected at the nitrogenwith a suitable protecting group such as, but not limited to Fmoc orBoc. Alternatively, the group R⁴C(O) can be introduced at this stage togive derivative IV or XXV, where Z is defined as above.

Detailed processes to the compounds of the specification are furtherdescribed in the Examples below.

Compounds and salts described in this specification generally may beused in methods to treat various disorders in animals, particularlymammals. Mammals include, for example, humans.

The compounds of the specification, and pharmaceutically acceptablesalts thereof, have activity as pharmaceuticals, in particular asmodulators of RORγ and/or RORγt, and can be used in the treatment orprevention of an RORγ and/or RORγt mediated disease state. Diseasestates that may be treated with a compound of the specification, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, include but are not limited toimmune disorders such as psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriaticarthritis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis,inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, graft versus hostdisease, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis and insulindependent diabetes type I, and to respiratory disorders such as chronicobstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, and to cancer.

The present specification further provides a compound of formula (I) ashereinbefore defined, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, foruse in therapy.

The present specification further provides, a compound, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment or preventionof an RORγ and/or RORγt mediated disease state.

The present specification further provides a compound of formula (I) ashereinbefore defined, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, forthe treatment or prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), asthma, psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis or psoriaticarthritis.

The present specification further provides a compound of formula (I) ashereinbefore defined, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, forthe treatment or prevention of psoriasis.

In another aspect, the specification provides the use of a compound offormula (I) as hereinbefore defined, or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in therapy.

In the context of the present specification, the term “therapy” alsoincludes “prophylaxis” unless there are specific indications to thecontrary. The terms “therapeutic” and “therapeutically” should beconstrued accordingly.

A further aspect provides a method of treating a disease state in amammal suffering from, or at risk of, said disease, which comprisesadministering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a compound of formula (I) as hereinbefore defined,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

A further aspect provides a method of treating or preventing an RORγand/or RORγt mediated disease state in a mammal suffering from, or atrisk of, said disease, which comprises administering to a mammal in needof such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound offormula (I) as hereinbefore defined, or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof.

In another aspect, the specification provides the use of a compound offormula (I) as hereinbefore defined, or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in thetreatment or prevention of an RORγ and/or RORγt mediated disease state.

The present specification also provides the use of a compound of formula(I) as hereinbefore defined, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment orprevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma,psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis or psoriatic arthritis.

The present specification further provides the use of a compound offormula (I) as hereinbefore defined, or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in thetreatment or prevention of psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis orpsoriatic arthritis. In a further aspect, the use is in the manufactureof a medicament for use in the treatment or prevention of psoriasis.

The present specification further provides the use of a compound offormula (I) as hereinbefore defined, or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in thetreatment or prevention of asthma or COPD.

The present specification further provides a method of treating chronicobstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, ankylosing spondylitis,psoriatic arthritis or psoriasis in a warm-blooded animal, such as man,which comprises administering to a mammal in need of such treatment atherapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) ashereinbefore defined, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Ina further aspect is a method of treating psoriasis.

When a compound or salt described in this specification is administeredto treat a disorder, a “therapeutically effective amount” is an amountsufficient to reduce or completely alleviate symptoms or otherdetrimental effects of the disorder; cure the disorder; reverse,completely stop, or slow the progress of the disorder; or reduce therisk of the disorder getting worse.

In some embodiments in which a combination therapy is used, the amountof the compound or salt described in this specification and the amountof the other pharmaceutically active agent(s) are, when combined,therapeutically effective to treat a targeted disorder in the animalpatient. In this context, the combined amounts are “therapeuticallyeffective amounts” if they are, when combined, sufficient to reduce orcompletely alleviate symptoms or other detrimental effects of thedisorder; cure the disorder; reverse, completely stop, or slow theprogress of the disorder; or reduce the risk of the disorder gettingworse. Typically, such amounts may be determined by one skilled in theart by, for example, starting with the dosage range described in thisspecification for the compound or salt and an approved or otherwisepublished dosage range(s) of the other pharmaceutically activecompound(s).

In order to use a compound of the specification, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, for the therapeutic treatment of a mammal, suchas human, said ingredient is normally formulated in accordance withstandard pharmaceutical practice as a pharmaceutical composition.Therefore in another aspect the present specification provides apharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of the formula(I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (active ingredient),and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

The pharmaceutical composition is typically intended for use in thetherapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment of a warm-blooded animal, suchas man.

Therefore the present specification provides a pharmaceuticalcomposition that comprises a compound of the specification (or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) and one or morepharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

By the term “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” we mean a substancethat serves as a vehicle or medium for the compound of the specification(or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof), i.e. so as to preparethe active ingredient in a form suitable for administration. Generallythe pharmaceutically acceptable excipients are pharmacologicallyinactive. Each excipient should be compatible with the other ingredientsin the composition and should be acceptable for administration to awarm-blooded animal, such as man.

The excipient(s) selected for inclusion in a particular composition willdepend on factors such as the mode of administration and the form of thecomposition provided. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipientsare well known to persons skilled in the art and are described, forexample, in the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sixth edition,Pharmaceutical Press, edited by Rowe, Ray C; Sheskey, Paul J; Quinn,Marian. Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients may function as, forexample, adjuvants, diluents, carriers, stabilisers, flavourings,colourants, fillers, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, glidants,thickening agents and coating agents. As persons skilled in the art willappreciate, certain pharmaceutically acceptable excipients may servemore than one function and may serve alternative functions depending onhow much of the excipient is present in the composition and what otherexcipients are present in the composition.

A pharmaceutical composition of the specification may comprise one ormore further active ingredients, as appropriate, examples ofcombinations of a compound of the specification (or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof) and one or more additional active ingredientsare described herein.

A process for the preparation of the pharmaceutical composition maycomprise the step of mixing a compound of the specification (or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) with one or morepharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The process may further comprisethe step of mixing one or more further active ingredients with acompound of the specification (or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof) and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. Theprocesses are conducted using techniques and methods known to personsskilled in the art.

The pharmaceutical composition of the specification may be administeredin a standard manner for the disease that it is desired to treat and/orprevent. For example, suitable modes of administration include oral,intravenous, rectal, parenteral, topical, ocular, nasal, buccal orpulmonary administration. For these purposes a compound of thespecification (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) may beformulated by means known in the art into the form of, for example,tablets, capsules, syrups, powders, granules, aqueous or oily solutionsor suspensions, (lipid) emulsions, dispersible powders, suppositories,ointments, creams, drops, aerosols, dry powder formulations, and sterileinjectable aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions.

The magnitude of prophylactic or therapeutic dose of a compound of thespecification (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) will varydepending upon a range of factors, including the activity of thespecific compound (or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) that isused, the age, body weight, diet, general health and sex of the patient,time of administration, the route of administration, the rate ofexcretion, the use of any other active ingredients, and the severity ofthe disease undergoing treatment.

Depending on the mode of administration, the pharmaceutical compositionof the specification will comprise from 0.05 to 99% w/w (percent byweight), such as from 0.05 to 80% w/w, for example from 0.10 to 70% w/w,such as from 0.10 to 50% w/w, of a compound of the specification (or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof), all percentages by weightbeing based on the total composition.

The present specification provides a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising a compound of the specification (or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof) and one or more pharmaceutically acceptableexcipients, which composition is formulated for oral administration.

A pharmaceutical composition of the specification that is suitable fororal administration may be provided in unit dosage form, for example inthe form of a tablet or capsule. Such a unit dosage form may containfrom 0.1 mg to 1 g, for example from 5 mg to 250 mg, of a compound ofthe specification (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) asactive ingredient.

For oral administration a compound of the specification (or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) may be admixed with one ormore excipients, such as a carrier and/or a binder and/or a lubricant.Suitable carriers include, for example, lactose, saccharose, sorbitol,mannitol, a starch (for example, potato starch, corn starch oramylopectin) and a cellulose derivative. Suitable binders include, forexample, gelatine or polyvinylpyrrolidone. Suitable lubricants include,for example, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, polyethylene glycol,a wax, paraffin, and the like. The mixture may then be compressed intotablets using known techniques. If coated tablets are required, thecores, prepared as described above, may be coated with a suitablecoating agent, for example with a concentrated sugar solution which maycontain, for example, gum arabic, gelatine, talcum and/or titaniumdioxide. Alternatively, the tablet may be coated with a suitable polymerdissolved in a readily volatile organic solvent.

For the preparation of soft gelatine capsules, a compound of thespecification (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) may beadmixed with one or more excipients, such as a diluent. Suitablediluents include, for example, a vegetable oil or polyethylene glycol.Hard gelatine capsules may contain granules of the compound (or salt)using the above-mentioned excipients for tablets. Also liquid orsemi-solid formulations of a compound of the specification (or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) may be filled into hardgelatine capsules.

Liquid preparations for oral application may be in the form of syrups orsuspensions, for example, solutions containing a compound of thespecification (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof), thebalance being sugar and a mixture of ethanol, water, glycerol andpropylene glycol. Optionally such liquid preparations may containcolourants, flavours, saccharine and/or carboxymethylcellulose as athickening agent or other excipients known to those skilled in art.

The present specification further provides a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising a compound of the specification (or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof) and one or more pharmaceutically acceptableexcipients, which composition is formulated for topical administration.Topical administration may, for example, be in the form of creams,lotions, ointments or transdermal patches. Creams and ointments maycomprise an aqueous or oily base to which suitable thickening or gellingagents are applied. Lotions may comprise an aqueous or oily base towhich one or more emulsifying agents, stabilising agents, dispersingagents, suspending agents or thickening agents are applied.

The specification further relates to a combination therapy wherein acompound of the specification, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, and a second active ingredient are administered concurrently,sequentially or in admixture, for the treatment of one or more of theconditions listed above. Such a combination may be used in combinationwith one or more further active ingredients.

In one aspect there is provided a combination (for example, for use as amedicament for the treatment of one of the diseases or conditions listedherein, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma)comprising a compound of the specification, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, and at least one active ingredient selectedfrom:

a) a beta-adrenoceptor agonist;

b) a muscarinic receptor antagonist;

c) a joint muscarinic receptor antagonist and beta-adrenoceptor agonist;and

d) a glucocorticoid receptor agonist (steroidal or non-steroidal).

In another aspect there is provided a combination (for example, for useas a medicament for the treatment of one of the diseases or conditionslisted herein, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) orasthma) comprising a compound of the specification, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a phosphodiesterase-4(PDE4) inhibitor.

In a further aspect of the present specification there is provided apharmaceutical composition (for example, for use as a medicament for thetreatment of one of the diseases or conditions listed herein, such aschronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma) comprising acompound of the specification, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, and at least one active ingredient selected from:

a) a beta-adrenoceptor agonist;

b) a muscarinic receptor antagonist;

c) a joint muscarinic receptor antagonist and beta-adrenoceptor agonist;and

d) a glucocorticoid receptor agonist (steroidal or non-steroidal).

In another aspect there is provided a pharmaceutical composition (forexample, for use as a medicament for the treatment of one of thediseases or conditions listed herein, such as chronic obstructivepulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma) comprising a compound of thespecification, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and aphosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor.

The compounds described in this specification are further illustrated inthe following Examples. These Examples are given by way of illustrationonly and are non-limiting.

Chemical names are preferably IUPAC names which were generated using ACDLabs 2014, or ChemDraw Ultra version 11.0.

ABBREVIATIONS

-   -   ACN acetonitrile    -   Boc₂O di-tert-butyl dicarbonate    -   CDI 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole    -   DCM dichloromethane    -   DAST diethylaminosulfur trifluoride    -   DBU 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepine    -   DIBAL-H diisobutylaluminum hydride    -   DIPEA diisopropylethylamine    -   DMAP 4-N,N-dimethylamino pyridine    -   DMF dimethylformamide    -   DMSO dimethylsulfoxide    -   dppf 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene    -   EDC N¹-((ethylimino)methylene)-N³,N³-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine        hydrochloride    -   ESI electrospray ionization    -   EtOH ethanol    -   EtOAc ethyl acetate    -   Fmoc-Cl 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate    -   h hour    -   HATU        1-[bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium        3-oxide hexafluorophosphate    -   HOBt 1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-ol hydrate    -   HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography    -   IPA isopropyl alcohol    -   LC/MS liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy    -   LHMDS lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide    -   mCPBA 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid    -   MeOH methanol    -   min minutes    -   MsCl methanesulfonyl chloride    -   MTBE methyl tert-butyl ether    -   NBS N-bromosuccinimide    -   NCS N-chlorosuccinimide    -   NsCl 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride    -   PFA Perfluoroalkoxy    -   (PinB)₂ bis(pinacolato)diboron    -   PPTs pyridinium para-toluenesulphonate    -   Py pyridine    -   rt room temperature    -   RP-HPLC reverse phase HPLC    -   SFC supercritical fluid chromatography    -   T3P 2,4,6-tripropyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriphosphinane        2,4,6-trioxide    -   TBAF tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride    -   TBDMSCl tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride    -   TBDMSOTf tert-butyldimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate    -   TBTU        2-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisouronium        tetrafluoroborate    -   TFA trifluoroacetic acid    -   TFAA trifluoroacetic anhydride    -   THF tetrahydrofuran    -   TMSCN trimethylsilyl cyanide    -   TsCl para-toluenesulphonyl chloride    -   TsOH para-toluenesulphonic acid

General Methods

NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance, Avance II or Avance IIIspectrometer at a proton frequency of 300, 400, 500 or 600 MHz. Thecentral peaks of chloroform-δ (H 7.26 ppm), CD₃OD (H 3.30 ppm) orDMSO-d₆ (H 2.49 ppm) were used as internal references.

LC/MS experiments were performed using a Waters Acquity system combinedwith a Waters Xevo Q-ToF Mass or a Shimadzu 2010EV UPLC system in ESImode. LC was run in two set ups: 1) BEH C18 column (1.7 μm 2.1×50 mm) incombination with a gradient (2-95% B in 5 min) of aqueous 46 mM ammoniumcarbonate/ammonia buffer at pH 10 (A) and ACN (B) at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min or in combination with a gradient (5-95% B in 2 min) of water andTFA (0.05%) (A) and CH₃CN and TFA (0.05%) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min(B).

Preparative HPLC was performed with a Waters FractionLynx system withintegrated MS detection and equipped with Prep C18 OBD 5 μm 19×150 mmcolumns from X-Bridge or Sunfire. Alternatively Gilson GX-281 withintegrated UV detection was used, equipped with either Kromasil C8 10μm, 20×250 ID or 50×250 ID mm. As eluent (acidic) gradients ofwater/ACN/acetic acid (95/5/0.1) or water/0.05% TFA (A) and ACN/0.05%TFA (B) or (basic) ACN or MeOH (A) and 0.03% ammonia in water or 0.03%NH₄HCO₃ (B) were applied.

Preparative SCF was performed with a Waters Prep100 SCF system withintegrated MS detection, equipped with Waters Viridis 2-EP or PhenomenexLuna Hilic, 30×250 mm, 5 μm. As eluent gradients of CO₂ (100 g/min, 120bar, 40° C.) (A) and MeOH/NH₃ (20 mM) or MeOH (5% formic acid) or MeOH(B) were applied.

Unless otherwise stated, starting materials were commercially availableor previously described in the literature. All solvents and commercialreagents were of laboratory grade and were used as received unlessotherwise stated.

Intermediate 1:2-(4-Aminophenyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)propanenitrile

Step 1: tert-Butyl(4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamate

A solution of 0.38M aqueous sodium hydroxide (254 mL, 96.47 mmol) wasadded to a solution of2-(4-aminophenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol (25 g, 96.47 mmol)in dioxane (100 mL) at room temperature. Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (29.5g, 135.06 mmol) was added and the turbid reaction mixture was stirredovernight at room temperature. The reaction was transferred to a sepfunnel and the product extracted into DCM (2×300 mL). The combined DCMextractions were washed with water (100 mL) and brine (50 mL) beforepassing through a phase separator. The organic solution was concentratedin vacuo to afford the title product as a pale orange oil which slowlysolidified. The yield was assumed quantitative and the material was usedcrude in the next step.

LC/MS: m/z=358 [M−H]⁻. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.48 (s, 9H),7.52-7.59 (m, 4H), 8.53 (s, 1H), 9.58 (s, 1H).

Step 2: tert-ButylN-[4-[1-cyano-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamate

Using a Vapourtec R2C+/R4 flow chemistry platform, a pumped solution(flow rate 2.000 mL/min) of tert-butyl(4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamate (11.5g, 32.01 mmol) and triethylamine (13.31 mL, 96.03 mmol) in anhydrous ACN(200 mL) was combined with a pumped solution (flow rate 2.000 mL/min) ofmethanesulfonic anhydride (16.73 g, 96.03 mmol) in anhydrous ACN (200mL). The combined solution was reacted in 2×10 mL PFA tube reactors at30° C. (residence time 5 min) before a pumped solution (flow rate of2.000 mL/min) of tetraethylammonium cyanide (25.0 g, 160.05 mmol) inanhydrous ACN (200 mL) was introduced. The solution was reacted in 2×10mL PFA tube reactors at 30° C. (residence time 3.33 min). The reactionsolution was collected in a single fraction and concentrated underreduced pressure; the residue was dissolved in EtOAc (500 mL) and washedconsecutively with water (3×200 mL) and brine (75 mL) before drying overMgSO₄. The solution was filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure. tert-ButylN-[4-[1-cyano-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamate(8.0 g, 64% yield) was isolated as a colourless syrup by automated flashcolumn chromatography on a Biotage® KP-SIL 340 g column, using agradient of 0% to 15% EtOAc in heptane as mobile phase.

LC/MS: m/z=367 [M−H]⁻. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.54 (s, 9H), 6.67 (s,1H), 7.54 (d, 2H), 7.63 (d, 2H). ¹⁹F-NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −66.79.

Step 3:2-(4-Aminophenyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)propanenitrile

tert-ButylN-[4-[1-cyano-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamate(5.8 g, 15.75 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (80 mL). To this TFA (25 mL,324.49 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at rt for 1 h. Thereaction was concentrated in vacuo and the residue dissolved in EtOAcand washed twice with saturated NaHCO₃. The layers were separated andthe organic layer was dried using a phase sep cartridge and concentratedin vacuo.2-(4-Aminophenyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)propanenitrile(4.02 g, 95%) was obtained as an oil and used without furtherpurification.

LC/MS: m/z=269 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 5.86 (s, 2H),6.67-6.76 (m, 2H), 7.32 (d, 2H).

Intermediate 2: 9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethyl1-[[4-[1-cyano-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-2-carboxylate

Step 1: 5-(Methylthio)isoindolin-1-one

5-Bromoisoindolin-1-one (15 g, 70.74 mmol) and sodium methyl mercaptide(12.40 g, 176.85 mmol) were mixed together in DMF (150 mL) and heated to100° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature andpoured into water (160 mL), and the aqueous phase was extracted withEtOAc (400 mL). The layers were then separated and the aqueous phaseextracted with EtOAc (3×200 mL). The combined organic extracts werewashed with brine (3×100 mL), dried using a phase separator cartridgeand concentrated in vacuo. 5-(Methylthio)isoindolin-1-one (12.00 g, 95%)was obtained as a yellow solid. The material was used in the next stepwithout further purification.

LC/MS: m/z=180 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 2.54 (s, 3H), 4.33(s, 2H), 7.33 (d, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 7.56 (d, 1H), 8.43 (s, 1H).

Step 2: tert-Butyl 5-(methylthio)-1-oxoisoindoline-2-carboxylate

5-(Methylthio)isoindolin-1-one (12.68 g, 70.74 mmol) was suspended inACN (500 mL) and DMAP (12.10 g, 99.04 mmol) was added in one portion.Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (21.61 g, 99.04 mmol) was then added and thereaction stirred for 20 min at room temperature. The ACN was removed invacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc and washed with 0.5M aq HCl(3×200 ml). The organic extract was dried using a phase separatorcartridge and concentrated in vacuo. tert-Butyl5-(methylthio)-1-oxoisoindoline-2-carboxylate (15.60 g, 79%) wasobtained as a brown oil that solidified on standing. The material wasused in the next step without further purification.

¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.51 (s, 9H), 2.55 (s, 3H), 4.74 (s, 2H),7.37 (d, 1H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.64 (d, 1H).

Step 3: tert-Butyl 5-(methylsulfonyl)-1-oxoisoindoline-2-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 5-(methylthio)-1-oxoisoindoline-2-carboxylate (15.58 g, 55.77mmol) was dissolved in DCM (500 mL) and to this mCPBA (≥77%) (30.0 g,133.85 mmol) was added portion wise (an exotherm to ca. 38° C. wasobserved). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 20 min. Thereaction was washed twice with 1M aq NaOH. The organic layer was driedusing a phase separator cartridge and concentrated in vacuo to affordtert-butyl 5-(methylsulfonyl)-1-oxoisoindoline-2-carboxylate (15.56 g,90%) as a yellow solid. The material was used in the next step withoutfurther purification.

LC/MS: m/z=310 [M−H]⁻. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.53 (s, 9H), 3.31(s, 3H), 4.88 (s, 2H), 8.00 (d, 1H), 8.08 (d, 1H), 8.25 (s, 1H).

Step 4: tert-Butyl 1-hydroxy-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 5-(methylsulfonyl)-1-oxoisoindoline-2-carboxylate (15.56 g,49.98 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (375 mL), cooled in an ice bath andkept under a nitrogen atmosphere. DIBAL-H (85 mL, 84.96 mmol, 1Msolution in THF) was added gradually over 10 min. The reaction wasstirred at this temperature for 15 min. A saturated aqueous solution ofRochelle's salt (100 ml) was added and the resultant mixture was stirredfor 20 min whilst warming to room temperature. DCM (200 mL) was addedand the layers separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM. Thecombined organic extracts were dried using a phase separator cartridgeand concentrated in vacuo. The product was obtained as a pink-browngum/foam which was used crude in the next step.

LC/MS: m/z=312 [M−H]⁻.

Step 5: tert-Butyl 1-methoxy-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 1-hydroxy-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate (15.66 g,49.98 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (300 mL) and to this PPTs (1.26 g, 5mmol) was added and the reaction stirred at room temperature. After 20min LCMS indicated that no starting material remained and one producthad formed. The reaction was quenched by addition of triethylamine (111mL, 799.68 mmol) and concentrated in vacuo to afford a dark purple oil.This was used crude in the next step.

Step 6: tert-Butyl 1-cyano-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 1-methoxy-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate (16.36g, 49.98 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (375 mL). This was cooled to −78° C.before TMSCN (10.05 mL, 74.97 mmol) and BF₃.OEt₂ (9.50 mL, 74.97 mmol)was added. The reaction was stirred at −78° C. for 15 min. An aqueoussaturated solution of NaHCO₃ and DCM was added and the reaction allowedto warm to room temperature. The two layers were separated and theaqueous phase extracted with DCM. The combined organic extracts weredried using a phase separator cartridge and concentrated in vacuo. Thematerial was purified by flash chromatography eluting with 40-50% EtOAcin heptane. tert-Butyl1-cyano-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate (10.6 g, 65.8%) wasobtained as a solid.

LC/MS: m/z=321 [M−H]⁻. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers,1:1) δ 1.50, 1.51 (s, 9H), 3.24, 3.25 (s, 3H), 4.74, 4.76 (s, 2H), 6.17,6.19 (s, 1H), 7.83 (d, 1H), 7.96-8.05 (m, 2H).

Step 7: 5-(Methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxylic acid, hydrochloridesalt

6M aq HCl (110 mL, 660.00 mmol) was added to tert-butyl1-cyano-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate (10.6 g, 32.88 mmol)and the mixture was heated at 70° C. for 2.5 h. The reaction was cooledto room temperature and concentrated to dryness to afford a dark solid,which was used in the next step without further purification.

LC/MS: m/z=240 [M−H]⁻.

Step 8:2-[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxylicacid

To 5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxylic acid, hydrochloride salt(9.13 g, 32.88 mmol) in dioxane (230 mL)/water (230 mL) was addedpotassium carbonate (22.72 g, 164.40 mmol) and 9-fluorenylmethylchloroformate (7.66 g, 29.59 mmol). The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. The dioxane was removed in vacuo. The aqueous wasthen acidified with 1M aq HCl and extracted with EtOAc. These organicextracts were combined, dried using a phase separator and concentratedin vacuo. The material was used crude in the next step.

LC/MS: m/z=462 [M−H]⁻.

Step 9: 9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethyl1-[[4-[1-cyano-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-2-carboxylate

T3P (50% solution in EtOAc, 1.310 mL, 2.20 mmol) was added to a mixtureof2-[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxylicacid (510 mg, 1.1 mmol),2-(4-aminophenyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)propanenitrile(Intermediate 1, 236 mg, 0.88 mmol) and triethylamine (0.307 mL, 2.20mmol) in DCM (10 mL). This was stirred at room temperature for 30 min.The reaction mixture was washed with water and the layers separatedusing a phase separator cartridge. The DCM was removed in vacuo and theresidue purified by flash chromatography eluting with 25-40% EtOAc inheptane to give the title compound (315 mg, 40.1%) as a solid.

LC/MS: m/z=714 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers,1:1) δ 3.22, 3.23 (s, 3H), 4.13-4.42 (m, 3H), 4.86-5.05 (m, 2H), 5.73,5.79 (s, 1H), 6.93-7.01 (m, 1H), 7.23, 7.30 (t, 1H), 7.37 (q, 1H), 7.44(q, 1H), 7.56, 7.58 (d, 1H), 7.7-7.83 (m, 5H), 7.9-7.97 (m, 4H), 8.05,8.08 (s, 1H), 11.02, 11.03 (s, 1H).

Intermediate 3:2-Acetyl-N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

Step 1:2-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxylic acid

The hydrochloride salt of 5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxylicacid (7.78 g, 28 mmol) was dissolved in water (130 mL) and 1,4-dioxane(200 mL) and an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate (2M, 70.0 mL,140.00 mmol) was added. Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (6.11 g, 28 mmol) wasadded in one portion, and the solution was stirred at room temperatureovernight. Dioxane was removed in vacuo and DCM (100 mL) was added. Ablack precipitate formed in the aqueous which was removed by filtration.The aqueous solution was washed a second time with DCM and the organicwashes discarded. The aqueous solution was then chilled with stirring onan ice water bath before adding EtOAc (100 mL). The pH was graduallyadjusted to 2 by the slow addition of chilled hydrochloric acid (3.8M).The biphasic mixture was stirred for a few min before the EtOAc phasewas separated. The aqueous solution was washed with EtOAc (2×100 mL).The combined EtOAc extracts were washed with water (1×100 mL) and brine(50 mL). Drying over MgSO₄, filtration and concentration in vacuoafforded2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxylic acid(4.55 g, 47.5%) as solid.

LC/MS: m/z=681 [2M−H]⁻. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers,1.6*:1) δ 1.41*, 1.46 (s, 9H), 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H), 4.68-4.8 (m, 2H),5.44 (s, 1H), 7.60*, 7.63 (d, 1H), 7.87-7.92 (m, 1H), 7.95, 7.98* (s,1H).

Step 2: tert-Butyl1-{[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]carbamoyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindole-2-carboxylate

2-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxylic acid(4.40 g, 12.89 mmol) and2-(4-aminophenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol (3.34 g, 12.89 mmol)were combined in EtOAc (50 mL) to give a suspension, before the additionof triethylamine (5.39 mL, 38.67 mmol) gave a dark brown solution. Thesolution was chilled by stirring on an ice/water bath before theaddition of T3P (50% in EtOAc, 15.35 mL, 25.78 mmol) through a droppingfunnel. The addition was controlled to ensure that the temperature didnot exceed 5° C. After one hour the reaction solution was washed withwater (2×50 mL). The combined water washes were extracted with EtOAc (50mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with 0.1M aq HCl (2×50mL) and brine (25 mL) before being dried over MgSO₄. Filtration andconcentration in vacuo gave a residue, which was purified by flashchromatography eluting with 0-60% EtOAc in n-heptane to give the titlecompound (4.95 g, 66%) as a solid.

LC/MS: m/z=581 [M−H]⁻. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers,1.8*:1) δ 1.35*, 1.47 (s, 9H), 3.20, 3.21* (s, 3H), 4.69-4.88 (m, 2H),5.61*, 5.63 (s, 1H), 7.6-7.76 (m, 5H), 7.86-7.92 (m, 1H), 7.98, 8.01*(s, 1H), 8.63*, 8.65 (s, 1H), 10.75 (s, 1H).

Step 3:N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

tert-Butyl1-{[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]carbamoyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindole-2-carboxylate(13.3 g, 22.83 mmol) was suspended in isopropyl acetate (50 mL).Hydrogen chloride in IPA (5N, 50 ml, 250 mmol) was added and theresulting mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The reaction wasconcentrated in vacuo and the residue was co-evaporated with EtOAc (2×50ml) and EtOAc/n-Heptane (1:1 80 ml), and then dried under vacuum for 24h. The hydrochloride salt of the title compound (10.73 g, 91%) wasobtained as a solid and used without further purification.

A sample was purified by RP-HPLC (chromatographic conditions: gradient5-95% ACN in 0.1M HCO₂H, pH3; Column: Waters Sunfire C18 ODB 5μ 19×150mm).

HRMS: calculated for (C₁₉H₁₆F₆N₂O₄S+H)⁺ 483.0813; found: (ESI [M+H]⁺)483.0811.

¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 3.18 (s, 3H), 4.37 (d, 1H), 4.41 (d, 1H),5.09 (s, 1H), 7.60 (d, 2H), 7.71 (d, 1H), 7.77-7.83 (m, 3H), 7.87 (s,1H), 8.65 (s, 1H), 10.33 (s, 1H).

Step 4:2-Acetyl-N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide(4.2 g, 8.71 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (150 mL) and to thistriethylamine (2.427 mL, 17.41 mmol) and acetic acid (0.748 mL, 13.06mmol) was added followed by T3P (50% in EtOAc, 10.37 mL, 17.41 mmol).The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The reactionwas partitioned between DCM and water, the layers were separated using aphase separator cartridge and the solvent was removed in vacuo.

The residue was purified on silica eluting with 50% to 100% EtOAc inheptane. Product fractions were combined, concentrated in vacuo to yielda gum. Trituration with diethyl ether provided a solid, which wasisolated by filtration and washed with diethyl ether to afford2-acetyl-N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide(3.32 g, 72.7%).

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₁H₁₈F₆N₂O₅S+H)⁺ 525.0919; found: (ESI [M+H]⁺)525.0927.

¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 1.99, 2.15* (s,3H), 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H), 4.76-4.94, 4.98-5.11* (m, 2H), 5.73*, 5.93 (s,1H), 7.6-7.81 (m, 5H), 7.87-7.92 (m, 1H), 8.00*, 8.03 (s, 1H), 8.64*,8.67 (s, 1H), 10.69*, 10.93 (s, 1H).

Intermediate 4: tert-Butyl1-[[4-[1-cyano-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-2-carboxylate

2-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxylic acid(product of Step 1 of the synthesis of Intermediate 3, 1.024 g, 3 mmol)was suspended in DCM (15 mL) and to this2-(4-aminophenyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)propanenitrile(Intermediate 1, 0.804 g, 3.00 mmol) and triethylamine (0.836 mL, 6.00mmol) was added. To the resulting solution T3P (50% solution in EtOAc,3.57 mL, 6.00 mmol) was then added. The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 h. The reaction was diluted with DCM and washed withaqueous HCl (0.5M). The layers were separated using a phase separatorcartridge and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flashchromatography eluting with 30%-50% EtOAc in heptane to give the titlecompound (1.66 g, 94%) as a solid.

LC/MS: m/z=592 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers,2*:1) δ 1.34*, 1.47 (s, 9H), 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H), 4.7-4.9 (m, 2H),5.62*, 5.64 (d, 1H), 7.59-7.8 (m, 3H), 7.84-7.95 (m, 3H), 7.99, 8.02*(s, 1H), 10.95 (s, 1H).

Intermediate 5: 9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethyl1-[[4-[1-cyano-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-5-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate

Step 1: Methyl 3-((I-oxoisoindolin-5-yl)thio)propanoate

A solution of 5-bromoisoindolin-1-one (10 g, 47.16 mmol) in dioxane (450mL) was degassed before Xantphos (2.73 g, 4.72 mmol), DIPEA (9.88 mL,56.59 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃ (2.159 g, 2.36 mmol) and methyl3-mercaptopropanoate (32.6 mL, 330.12 mmol) was added. The reaction washeated to 80° C. for 1 h. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo.Approximately half of the material was purified by flash chromatographyeluting with 0-5% methanol in EtOAc to afford 4.69 g of product. Onlyhalf the material was purified this way because the crude materialsolidified part way through loading onto the column. The solidifiedmaterial was triturated with methanol and 4.48 g of product wascollected by filtration as a colorless solid. The mother liquor wasconcentrated in vacuo and purified by flash chromatography eluting with0-5% methanol in EtOAc to afford 1.1 g product. This was combined withthe material from the first column to give 10.27 g (86%) of the titlecompound.

LC/MS: m/z=252 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 2.69 (t, 2H), 3.26(t, 2H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 4.34 (s, 2H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 7.58(d, 1H), 8.48 (s, 1H).

Step 2: 5-((Cyclopropylmethyl)thio)isoindolin-1-one

To a suspension of methyl 3-((1-oxoisoindolin-5-yl)thio)propanoate (5.79g, 23.04 mmol) in THF (250 mL) was added potassium tert-butoxide (46.1mL, 46.08 mmol, 1M solution in THF). The reaction was stirred for 5 minat room temperature, followed by addition of (bromomethyl)cyclopropane(6.22 g, 46.08 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 30 min at roomtemperature. The reaction was poured into water and the productextracted into EtOAc. The combined organic extracts were washed withbrine, dried using a phase separator cartridge and concentrated invacuo. The solid obtained was slurried in EtOAc, collected by filtrationand then washed with diethyl ether to afford5-((cyclopropylmethyl)thio)isoindolin-1-one (2.35 g, 46%).

LC/MS: m/z=220 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 0.17-0.33 (m, 2H),0.44-0.62 (m, 2H), 0.94-1.11 (m, 1H), 3.01 (d, 2H), 4.33 (s, 2H), 7.38(d, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, 1H), 8.45 (s, 1H).

Step 3: tert-Butyl5-((cyclopropylmethyl)thio)-1-oxoisoindoline-2-carboxylate

5-((Cyclopropylmethyl)thio)isoindolin-1-one (4.13 g, 18.83 mmol) wassuspended in ACN (150 mL) and DMAP (3.22 g, 26.37 mmol) was added in oneportion. Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (5.75 g, 26.37 mmol) was then addedand the reaction stirred at room temperature for 20 min. The ACN wasremoved in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc and washed withaqueous HCl (0.5M, 3×200 mL). The organic extract was dried using aphase separator cartridge and concentrated in vacuo. tert-Butyl5-((cyclopropylmethyl)thio)-1-oxoisoindoline-2-carboxylate was obtainedas a brown oil that solidified on standing. The material was used in thenext step without further purification ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ0.23-0.34 (m, 2H), 0.5-0.6 (m, 2H), 1.00-1.13 (m, 1H), 1.51 (s, 9H),3.04 (d, 2H), 4.73 (s, 2H), 7.41 (d, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.64 (d, 1H).

Step 4: tert-Butyl5-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)-1-oxoisoindoline-2-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 5-((cyclopropylmethyl)thio)-1-oxoisoindoline-2-carboxylate(6.01 g, 18.83 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (200 mL) at rt and to thismCPBA (≥77%, 10.13 g, 45.19 mmol) was added (an exotherm of ca 36° C.was observed). The reaction was stirred at rt for 20 min. The reactionmixture was washed twice with 1M aqueous NaOH. The organic phase wasdried using a phase separator cartridge and concentrated in vacuo toafford tert-butyl5-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)-1-oxoisoindoline-2-carboxylate (5.98 g,90%) as a solid. The material was used in the next step without furtherpurification.

LC/MS: m/z=350 [M−H]⁻. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 0.01-0.2 (m, 2H),0.33-0.5 (m, 2H), 0.78-0.93 (m, 1H), 1.53 (s, 9H), 3.35 (d, 2H), 4.89(s, 2H), 7.97-8.05 (m, 2H), 8.21 (s, 1H).

Step 5: tert-Butyl5-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)-1-hydroxyisoindoline-2-carboxylate

tert-Butyl5-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)-1-oxoisoindoline-2-carboxylate (5.48 g,15.59 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (150 mL) and the mixture was cooled inan ice bath. DIBAL-H (26.5 mL, 26.51 mmol, 1M solution in THF) was addedand the reaction stirred at this temperature for 15 min. Saturatedaqueous Rochelle's salt (100 ml) was added and the resultant mixture wasstirred for 20 min whilst warming to rt. DCM (150 mL) was added and thelayers separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM. The combinedorganic extracts were dried using a phase separator cartridge andconcentrated in vacuo. The product was obtained as a pink gum/foam. Thematerial was used as such in the next step.

LC/MS: m/z=352 [M−H]⁻.

Step 6: tert-Butyl5-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)-1-methoxyisoindoline-2-carboxylate

tert-Butyl5-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)-1-hydroxyisoindoline-2-carboxylate (5.51g, 15.59 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (110 mL) and to this PPTs (0.392 g,1.56 mmol) was added and the reaction stirred at rt. After 20 min LCMSindicated complete consumption of the starting material. The reactionwas quenched by addition of triethylamine (34.8 mL, 249.44 mmol) andconcentrated in vacuo to afford a dark purple oil. This was used withoutfurther purification in the next step.

Step 7: tert-butyl1-cyano-5-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate

tert-Butyl5-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)-1-methoxyisoindoline-2-carboxylate (5.73g, 15.59 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (110 mL). This resulting mixture wascooled to −78° C. before TMSCN (3.14 mL, 23.39 mmol) and BF₃.OEt₂ (2.96mL, 23.39 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at −78° C. for 15min. A saturated aqueous solution of NaHCO₃ and DCM was added and thereaction allowed to warm to rt. The two layers were separated and theaqueous extracted with DCM. The combined organic extracts were driedusing a phase separator cartridge and concentrated in vacuo. The residuewas purified on silica eluting with 25-50% EtOAc in heptane. tert-Butyl1-cyano-5-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate (3.22g, 57%) was obtained as a pale pink foam.

LC/MS: m/z=361 [M−H]⁻. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 0.06-0.16 (m, 2H),0.33-0.53 (m, 2H), 0.7-0.95 (m, 1H), 1.49, 1.51 (s, 9H), 3.27-3.31 (m,2H), 4.75, 4.77 (s, 2H), 6.18, 6.20 (s, 1H), 7.82, 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.94,7.96 (s, 1H), 7.97, 7.99 (s, 1H).

Step 8: 5-((Cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxylic acid,hydrochloride salt

6M aqueous HCl (35 ml, 210.00 mmol) was added to tert-butyl1-cyano-5-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate (3.48g, 9.60 mmol) and the mixture heated at 70° C. for 2.5 h. The reactionwas cooled to rt and concentrated to dryness in vacuo. The dark solidobtained was used crude in the next step.

LC/MS: m/z=280 [M−H]⁻.

Step 9:5-[(Cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl]-2-[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxylicacid

To 5-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxylic acid,hydrochloride salt (3.05 g, 9.6 mmol) in dioxane (70 mL)/water (70 mL)was added potassium carbonate (6.63 g, 48.00 mmol) and 9-fluorenylmethylchloroformate (2.235 g, 8.64 mmol). The reaction was stirred at rtovernight. The dioxane was removed in vacuo. The aqueous was thenacidified with 1M aqueous HCl and extracted with EtOAc. The organicextracts were combined, dried using a phase separator cartridge andconcentrated in vacuo. The material was used as such in the next step.

LC/MS: m/z=504 [M+H]⁺.

Step 10: 9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethyl1-[[4-[1-cyano-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-5-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate

T3P (50% solution in EtOAc, 1.143 mL, 1.92 mmol) was added to a mixtureof5-[(cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl]-2-[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxylicacid (483 mg, 0.96 mmol),2-(4-aminophenyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)propanenitrile(Intermediate 1, 206 mg, 0.77 mmol) and triethylamine (0.268 mL, 1.92mmol) in DCM (10 mL). This was stirred at rt for 30 min. The reactionmixture was washed with water and the layers separated using a phaseseparator cartridge. The DCM was removed in vacuo and the residuepurified by flash chromatography eluting with 30-40% EtOAc in heptane togive the title compound (310 mg, 42.8%) as a solid.

LC/MS: m/z=754 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers,1:1) δ 0.08-0.18 (m, 2H), 0.42-0.53 (m, 2H), 0.78-0.88 (m, 1H), 3.2-3.3(m, 2H), 4.15-4.4 (m, 3H), 4.85-5.05, (m, 2H), 5.74, 5.79 (s, 1H),6.94-7 (m, 1H), 7.23, 7.30 (t, 1H), 7.33-7.47 (m, 2H), 7.57, 7.58 (s,1H), 7.66-7.82 (m, 5H), 7.87-7.96 (m, 4H), 8.02, 8.04 (s, 1H), 11.02,11.03 (s, 1H).

Intermediate 6: tert-Butyl1-[[4-[1-cyano-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-5-ethylsulfonyl-isoindoline-2-carboxylate

Step 1: 5-(Ethylthio)isoindolin-1-one

5-Bromoisoindolin-1-one (10 g, 47.16 mmol) and sodium ethanethiolate(9.92 g, 117.90 mmol) were mixed together in DMF (100 mL) and thereaction heated to 100° C. for 20 min. The reaction was cooled to rt,poured into water (100 mL) and the product extracted with EtOAc (3×200mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (4×50 mL).LCMS indicated product in the aqueous washings, and consequently theywere combined and extracted with EtOAc (4×50 mL). The organic extractswere combined, dried using a phase separator cartridge and concentratedin vacuo. The solid obtained was dried under high vacuum overnight.5-(Ethylthio)isoindolin-1-one (8.68 g, 95%) was obtained as a yellowsolid. The material was used in the next step without furtherpurification.

LC/MS: m/z=194 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.27 (t, 3H), 3.06(q, 2H), 4.33 (s, 2H), 7.36 (dd, 1H), 7.47-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.57 (d, 1H),8.45 (s, 1H).

Step 2: tert-Butyl 5-(ethylthio)-1-oxoisoindoline-2-carboxylate

5-(Ethylthio)isoindolin-1-one (8.68 g, 44.91 mmol) was suspended in ACN(400 mL) and DMAP (7.68 g, 62.88 mmol) was added in one portion. After10 min di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (13.72 g, 62.88 mmol) was added and themixture was stirred at rt for 30 min. The reaction was concentrated invacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc and washed with 0.1M aqueousHCl (4×100 mL). The organic extract was dried using a phase separatorcartridge and concentrated in vacuo to afford tert-butyl5-(ethylthio)-1-oxoisoindoline-2-carboxylate (12.50 g, 95%) as an orangesolid. The material was used in the next step without furtherpurification.

¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.29 (t, 3H), 1.51 (s, 9H), 3.09 (q, 2H),4.74 (s, 2H), 7.39 (dd, 1H), 7.52-7.53 (m, 1H), 7.65 (d, 1H).

Step 3: tert-Butyl 5-(ethylsulfonyl)-1-oxoisoindoline-2-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 5-(ethylthio)-1-oxoisoindoline-2-carboxylate (13.18 g, 44.91mmol) was dissolved in DCM (500 mL) at room temperature and to thismixture, mCPBA (≥77%, 24.16 g, 107.78 mmol) was added portion wise (anincrease of the temperature to ca 35° C. was observed). The reaction wasstirred at rt for 30 min. The reaction was washed twice with 1M aqueousNaOH and the DCM phase was dried using a phase separator cartridge andconcentrated in vacuo. tert-Butyl5-(ethylsulfonyl)-1-oxoisoindoline-2-carboxylate (14.00 g, 96%) wasobtained as a yellow solid. The material was used in the next stepwithout purification.

LC/MS: m/z=324 [M−H]⁻. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.12 (t, 3H), 1.53(s, 9H), 3.38 (q, 2H), 4.89 (s, 2H), 7.99-8.04 (m, 2H), 8.21 (s, 1H).

Step 4: tert-Butyl 5-(ethylsulfonyl)-1-hydroxyisoindoline-2-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 5-(ethylsulfonyl)-1-oxoisoindoline-2-carboxylate (12 g, 36.88mmol) was dissolved in DCM (300 mL) and the mixture was cooled in an icebath. DIBAL-H (63 mL, 63.00 mmol, 1M solution in THF) was added and thereaction stirred at this temperature for 15 min. Saturated aqueousRochelle's salt (300 mL) was added and the mixture stirred for 20 min.DCM (300 mL) was added and the layers separated. The aqueous phase wasextracted with DCM. The combined organic extracts were dried using aphase separator cartridge and concentrated in vacuo. The material wasused crude in the next step.

LC/MS: m/z=326 [M−H]⁻.

Step 5: tert-Butyl 5-(ethylsulfonyl)-1-methoxyisoindoline-2-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 5-(ethylsulfonyl)-1-hydroxyisoindoline-2-carboxylate (12.07g, 36.88 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (210 mL) and to this PPTs (0.927 g,3.69 mmol) was added and the reaction stirred at rt. After 20 min LCMSindicated that no starting material remained. The reaction was quenchedby addition of triethylamine (81 mL, 581.14 mmol) and concentrated invacuo to afford a dark purple oil. This was used without furtherpurification in the next step.

Step 6: tert-Butyl 1-cyano-5-(ethylsulfonyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 5-(ethylsulfonyl)-1-methoxyisoindoline-2-carboxylate (12.59g, 36.88 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (300 mL) and the solution cooled to−78° C. TMSCN (7.42 mL, 55.32 mmol) and then BF₃.OEt₂ (7.01 mL, 55.32mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at −78° C. for 15 min.Saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (300 mL) and DCM (300 mL) were addedand the reaction allowed to warm to rt. The two layers were separatedand the aqueous extracted with DCM. The combined organic extracts weredried using a phase separator cartridge and concentrated in vacuo. Thematerial was purified by flash chromatography eluting with 40% EtOAc inheptane. tert-Butyl 1-cyano-5-(ethylsulfonyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate(7.58 g, 61.1%) was obtained as a solid.

LC/MS: m/z=335 [M−H]⁻. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers,1:1) δ 1.11 (t, 3H), 1.49, 1.51 (s, 9H), 3.29-3.36 (m, 2H), 4.75, 4.77(s, 2H), 6.18, 6.20 (s, 1H), 7.83, 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.93, 7.95 (s, 1H),7.96, 7.99 (s, 1H).

Step 7: 2-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-5-ethylsulfonyl-isoindoline-1-carboxylicacid

A 5 M aqueous solution of NaOH (1 ml, 5.00 mmol) was added to tert-butyl1-cyano-5-(ethylsulfonyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate (0.052 g, 0.156 mmol)and the reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 3 h. The mixture wasstill a suspension so NaOH (1 mL, 5.00 mmol) was added and the mixtureheated at 60° C. overnight. The reaction was acidified and the productsextracted into EtOAc. The combined organic extracts were dried using aphase separator cartridge and concentrated in vacuo. The residue wasused crude in the coupling reaction

LC/MS: m/z=256 [M+H−BOC]⁺.

Step 8: tert-Butyl1-((4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamoyl)-5-(ethylsulfonyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate(Intermediate 6)

To a mixture of2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-(ethylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxylic acid(product of step 7 of the synthesis of Intermediate 6, 0.141 g, 0.40mmol),2-(4-aminophenyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)propanenitrile(Intermediate 1, 0.085 g, 0.32 mmol) and triethylamine (0.110 mL, 0.79mmol) in DCM (4 mL) was added T3P (50% solution in EtOAc, 0.283 mL, 0.48mmol). The reaction was stirred at rt for 30 min. The reaction waspartitioned between DCM and water, the layers were separated using aphase separator cartridge and the solvent was removed in vacuo. Theresidue was dissolved in methanol and loaded onto an Isolute™ SCXcartridge (previously flushed with methanol). The product was elutedwith methanol. The methanol was removed in vacuo and the residue waspurified by flash chromatography eluting with 30% EtOAc in heptane. Thetitle compound (0.060 g, 25%) was obtained as a solid, which was usedwithout further purification.

LC/MS: m/z=606 [M+H]⁺.

Intermediate 7: tert-Butyl5-methylsulfonyl-1-[[4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]isoindoline-2-carboxylate

Step 1: tert-ButylN-[4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamate

Sodium azide (238 mg, 3.67 mmol) and ammonium chloride (196 mg, 3.67mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl(4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamate (270 mg,0.73 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (5 mL). This was heated to 100° C. for 20min. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water andthe pH of the aqueous adjusted to pH2 with 1M aqueous HCl. The layerswere separated and the aqueous layer extracted twice more with EtOAc.The combined organic extracts were dried using a phase separatorcartridge and concentrated in vacuo. A solution of the product in ca 1ml of DMF (90% pure by LCMS) was obtained and this was used directly inthe next step. The yield was assumed to be quantitative.

LC/MS: m/z=410 [M−H]⁻.

Step 2: tert-ButylN-[4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamate

DMF (5 mL) was added to tert-butyl(4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamate(product of step 1 of the synthesis of Intermediate 7, 300 mg, 0.73mmol) in ca 1 ml DMF from the previous step. To this K₂CO₃ (111 mg, 0.80mmol) and MeI (0.050 mL, 0.80 mmol) was added and the reaction stirredfor 2 h. LCMS indicated SM remained consequently MeI (0.023 mL, 0.37mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred overnight at rt. Thereaction was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The aqueous wasextracted twice with EtOAc and then the combined organics washed twicewith brine. The organic extract was then dried using a phase separatorcartridge and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on silicaeluting with 0-20% diethyl ether in heptane. tert-ButylN-[4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamate(200 mg, 65%) was obtained.

LC/MS: m/z=424 [M−H]⁻. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.47 (s, 9H), 4.49(s, 3H), 7.13 (d, 2H), 7.53 (d, 2H), 9.61 (s, 1H).

Step 3:4-[2,2,2-Trifluoro-1-(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]aniline

tert-Butyl(4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamate(product of step 2 of the synthesis of Intermediate 7, 80 mg, 0.19 mmol)was dissolved in DCM (2 mL) and to this TFA (1 mL, 12.98 mmol) was addedand the reaction was stirred at rt for 2 h. The reaction wasconcentrated in vacuo and the residue obtained was dissolved inmethanol. This was loaded onto a 5 g SCX™ cartridge (previously flushedwith methanol). The cartridge was flushed with methanol and then theproduct was eluted with 7M NH₃ in methanol. The methanolic ammonia wasremoved in vacuo to afford4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl)aniline(25.00 mg, 40.9%) as a solid.

LC/MS: m/z=324 [M−H]⁻. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 4.48 (s, 3H), 5.53(s, 2H), 6.52-6.59 (m, 2H), 6.80 (d, 2H).

Step 4: tert-Butyl5-methylsulfonyl-1-[[4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]isoindoline-2-carboxylate

2-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxylic acid(product of Step 1 of the synthesis of Intermediate 3, 26.2 mg, 0.08mmol) was suspended in DCM (1 mL) and to this was added4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl)aniline(product of step 3 of the synthesis of Intermediate 7, 25 mg, 0.08 mmol)and triethylamine (0.021 mL, 0.15 mmol). T3P (50% solution in EtOAc,0.092 mL, 0.15 mmol) was then added. The reaction was stirred at rt for30 min. The reaction was diluted with DCM and washed with 0.5M aqueousHCl. The layers were separated using a phase separator cartridge andconcentrated in vacuo. The crude product was used without furtherpurification.

LC/MS: m/z=647 [M−H]⁻.

Intermediate 8: tert-Butyl1-[[4-[3-methoxy-3-oxo-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-2-carboxylate

Step 1: Dimethyl2-[1-[4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]propanedioate

To a solution of tert-butyl(4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamate(product of Step 1 of the synthesis of Intermediate 1, 100 mg, 0.28mmol) in DCM (2 mL), Et₃N (0.097 mL, 0.70 mmol) was added followed bymethanesulfonic anhydride (72.7 mg, 0.42 mmol) and the reaction mixturewas stirred at rt for 30 min. In another reaction vial dimethyl malonate(110 mg, 0.84 mmol) in DMF (0.4 mL) was treated with potassium2-methylpropan-2-olate (94 mg, 0.84 mmol) at rt for 30 min (a solid wasformed). After addition of DMF (0.6 mL) the material was added to thefirst reaction mixture and stirred at rt for 30 min. LCMS indicated thatthe desired product was formed. The reaction mixture was partitionedbetween EtOAc (100 mL) and water (10 mL). The layers were separated in aphase separator. The organic layer was washed with water (2×10 mL),dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo.The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica (0-20% EtOAcin heptane). The fractions containing the desired product were collectedand concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound (60 mg, 45%).LC/MS: m/z=472 [M−H]⁻. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.47 (s, 9H), 3.63(s, 6H), 5.24 (s, 1H), 7.45-7.51 (m, 4H), 9.58 (s, 1H).

Alternatively, dimethyl2-[1-[4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]propanedioatecould be prepared as described below.

A solution of2-(4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)phenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ylmethanesulfonate (24.35 g, 55.67 mmol) was prepared by slowly addingmethanesulfonic anhydride (29.1 g, 167.01 mmol) to a chilled solution(ice/water bath) of triethylamine (23.15 mL, 167.01 mmol) and tert-butyl(4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamate(product of step 1 of the synthesis of Intermediate 1, 20 g, 55.67 mmol)in anhydrous ACN (180 mL) over 5 min. The solution was stirred for afurther 10 min before the ice/water bath was removed and the dark orangesolution was allowed to warm to rt.

Using a Vapourtec R2C+/R4 flow chemistry platform, a pumped solution(flow rate 0.667 mL/min) of DBU (41.6 mL, 278.35 mmol) in anhydrous ACN(200 mL) was combined with a pumped solution (flow rate 0.667 mL/min) ofdimethyl malonate (31.8 mL, 278.35 mmol) in anhydrous ACN (200 mL). Thecombined solution was reacted in 2×10 mL PFA tube reactors at 25° C.(residence time 15 min) before the mesylate solution (flow rate of 0.667mL/min) was introduced. The combined solution was reacted in 2×10 mL PFAtube reactors at 50° C. (residence time 10 min). The reaction solutionwas collected in a single fraction. Water (500 mL) was added and thebulk of the ACN was removed under reduced pressure. The solution wasacidified by the addition of 3.8M aqueous HCl (25 mL) and the crudeproduct was extracted into EtOAc (500 mL). The upper organic phase wasseparated and washed consecutively with aqueous HCl (0.1M, 250 mL),saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (2×250 mL) and brine (75 mL), before dryingover MgSO₄. The solution was filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure to affordDimethyl-2-(2-(4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)phenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)malonate(13.95 g, 53%) as a colourless solid by automated flash columnchromatography on a Biotage® KP-SIL 340 g column, using a gradient of10% to 30% EtOAc in heptane as mobile phase.

LC/MS: m/z=472 [M−H]⁻. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.52 (s, 9H), 3.70 (s,6H), 4.73 (s, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 7.35-7.56 (m, 4H). ¹⁹F-NMR (376 MHz,CDCl₃) δ −62.59.

Step 2:3-[4-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)phenyl]-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoicacid

To a solution of dimethyl2-(2-(4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)phenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)malonate(product of step 1 of the synthesis of Intermediate 8, 171 mg, 0.36mmol) in MeOH (3 mL), aqueous NaOH (0.9 mL, 1.81 mmol) was added and thereaction mixture was stirred at rt for 4 h. LCMS indicated that desiredproduct was formed. The pH of the reaction mixture was adjusted to ca. 2by addition of diluted HCl on an ice-water bath. The reaction mixturewas extracted with EtOAc (1×100 mL). The organic layer was washed withwater (1×10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and the filtrate wasconcentrated in vacuo to give crude title compound (145 mg, 98%), whichwas used without further purification in the next step.

LC/MS: m/z=401 [M−H]⁻. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.48 (s, 9H), 3.44(s, 2H), 7.43-7.57 (m, 4H), 9.54 (s, 1H), 12.68 (br.s, 1H).

Step 3: Methyl3-[4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)phenyl]-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate

To a solution of3-(4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)phenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoicacid (product of step 2 of the synthesis of Intermediate 8, 335 mg, 0.83mmol) in DMF (6 mL), Na₂CO₃ (354 mg, 3.34 mmol) was added followed byiodomethane (0.156 mL, 2.50 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirredat rt over night. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc(200 mL) and water (20 mL). The layers were separated in a phaseseparator. The organic layer was washed with water (2×25 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give thecrude product (316 mg, 91%), which was used without furtherpurification.

LC/MS: m/z=414 [M−H]⁻. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆); δ 1.48 (s, 9H); 3.55(s, 3H); 3.56 (s, 2H); 7.39-7.65 (m, 4H); 9.56 (s, 1H).

Step 4: Methyl3-(4-aminophenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate

To a solution of methyl3-(4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)phenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate(product of step 3 of the synthesis of Intermediate 8, 312 mg, 0.75mmol) in DCM (6 mL), TFA (1.5 mL, 19.47 mmol) was added and theresulting solution was stirred at rt for 35 min. The volatiles wereremoved in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (200 mL), washedwith aqueous saturated NaHCO₃ solution (2×20 mL). The organic layer wasdried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuoto give the title compound as a crude (217 mg, 92%) which was used inthe next step without further purification.

¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆); δ 3.45 (s, 2H); 3.55 (s, 3H); 5.50 (br.s,2H); 6.59 (d, 2H); 7.24 (d, 2H).

Step 5: tert-Butyl1-[[4-[3-methoxy-3-oxo-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-2-carboxylate

To a mixture of methyl3-(4-aminophenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate (214 mg,0.68 mmol) and2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxylic acid(product of step 1 of the synthesis of Intermediate 3, 232 mg, 0.68mmol) in EtOAc (4 mL), Et₃N (0.284 mL, 2.04 mmol) was added followed byT3P (50% in EtOAc) (0.808 mL, 1.36 mmol) in portions. After addition wascompleted the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 40 min. Thereaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (200 mL) and water (25mL). The layers were separated using a phase separator. The organiclayer was washed further with water (2×25 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the titlecompound as a crude (364 mg, 84%) which was used directly in the nextstep without further purification.

LC/MS: m/z=637 [M−H]⁻.

Intermediate 9: tert-Butyl1-[[4-[3-fluoro-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-2-carboxylate

Step 1: tert-ButylN-[4-[3-hydroxy-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamate

To a solution of LiAlH₄ (2.41 mL, 2.41 mmol) in THF, a solution ofmethyl3-(4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)phenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate(product of step 3 of the synthesis of Intermediate 8, 0.5 g, 1.20 mmol)in THF (3 mL) was added dropwise. After the addition was completed, thereaction mixture was allowed to stir at rt for 2.5 h. The reactionmixture was cooled in an ice-water bath and methanol (1 mL) wascarefully added dropwise, then ice-water bath was removed, the mixturewas stirred at rt for 5 min and then partitioned between EtOAc (250 mL)and diluted aqueous HCl (35 mL). The layers were separated and theorganic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (1×35mL) and dried over Na₂SO₄. After filtration, the filtrate wasconcentrated in vacuo to give the crude product (360 mg, 77%), which wasused without further purification.

LC/MS: m/z=386 [M−H]⁻. ¹H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆); δ 1.48 (s, 9H);2.50-2.54 (m, 2H); 3.36-3.40 (m, 2H); 4.87 (t, 1H); 7.48 (d, 2H); 7.57(d, 2H); 9.58 (s, 1H).

Step 2: tert-ButylN-[4-[3-fluoro-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamate

A solution of tert-butyl(4-(1,1,1-trifluoro-4-hydroxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamate(product of step 1 of the synthesis of Intermediate 9, 200 mg, 0.52mmol) in DCM (4 mL) was cooled in an ice-water bath. To this a coldsolution of DAST (0.273 mL, 2.07 mmol) in DCM was added. After additionwas completed the ice-water bath was removed and the reaction mixturewas stirred at rt over night. An additional portion of DAST (0.273 mL,2.07 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h.Methanol (1 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for1 h. The mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (150 mL) and water (20mL). The layers were separated in a phase separator. The organic layerwas washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (1×25 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give thecrude product (201 mg), which was used as such.

LC/MS: m/z=388 [M−H]⁻.

Step 3: 4-[3-Fluoro-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl]aniline

To a solution of tert-butyl(4-(1,1,1,4-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamate(product of step 2 of the synthesis of Intermediate 9, 201 mg, 0.52mmol) in DCM (4 mL), TFA (1 mL, 12.98 mmol) was added and the resultingsolution was stirred at room temperature for 45 min. The volatiles wereremoved in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (150 mL), washedwith saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (2×20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a crudeproduct (140 mg), which was used without purification.

LC/MS: m/z=288 [M−H]⁻.

Step 4: tert-Butyl1-[[4-[3-fluoro-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-2-carboxylate

To a mixture of4-(1,1,1,4-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl)aniline (product ofstep 3 of the synthesis of Intermediate 9,140 mg, 0.48 mmol) and2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxylic acid(product of step 1 of the synthesis of Intermediate 3, 165 mg, 0.48mmol) in EtOAc (3 mL), T3P (50% in EtOAc) (0.576 mL, 0.97 mmol) wasadded in portions followed by Et₃N (0.202 mL, 1.45 mmol). After additionwas completed the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 40 min. Thereaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (150 mL) and water (15mL). The layers were separated in a phase separator. The organic layerwas washed with water (2×20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and thefiltrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a crude product (270 mg),which was used without further purification.

LC/MS: m/z=611 [M−H]⁻.

Intermediate 10: tert-Butyl1-[[4-[1-(cyanomethyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-2-carboxylate

Step 1: Methyl2-cyano-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-[4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate

To a solution of tert-butyl(4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamate(product of step 1 of the synthesis of Intermediate 1, 150 mg, 0.42mmol) in DCM (1 mL), Et₃N (0.116 mL, 0.84 mmol) was added followed bymethanesulfonic anhydride (145 mg, 0.84 mmol) and the reaction mixturewas stirred at rt for 45 min.

In a separate vial, to a suspension of potassium 2-methylpropan-2-olate(141 mg, 1.25 mmol) in DMF (1 mL), methyl 2-cyanoacetate (0.112 mL, 1.25mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 40 min.

The reaction mixture of the first vial was added to the reaction mixturein the second vial in portions. After addition was completed thereaction mixture was stirred at rt for 40 min. The reaction mixture waspartitioned between EtOAc (150 mL) and water (20 mL). The layers wereseparated in a phase separator. The organic layer was further washedwith water (2×20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and the filtrate wasconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatographyon silica (0-30% EtOAc in heptane). Fractions containing the desiredproduct were collected and concentrated in vacuo to give the titlecompound (74 mg, 40%).

LC/MS: m/z=439 [M−H]⁻. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.48 (s, 9H); 3.72(s, 3H); 6.20 (s, 1H); 7.54 (d, 2H); 7.59 (d, 2H); 9.67 (s, 1H).

Step 2: tert-ButylN-[4-[1-(cyanomethyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamate

To a solution of methyl3-(4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)phenyl)-2-cyano-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate(product of step 1 of the synthesis of Intermediate 10, 65 mg, 0.15mmol) in DMSO (1 mL), saturated aqueous NaCl solution (0.3 mL) was addedand the reaction mixture was stirred at 125° C. for 3 h. The reactionmixture was cooled to rt, partitioned between EtOAc (150 mL) and water.The layers were separated in a phase separator. The organic layer waswashed further with water (2×20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and thefiltrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flashchromatography on silica (0-10% EtOAc in heptane). The fractionscontaining desired product were collected and concentrated in vacuo togive the title compound (25 mg, 44%).

LC/MS: m/z=381 [M−H]⁻. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.47 (s, 9H); 4.08(s, 2H); 7.61 (s, 4H); 9.66 (s, 1H).

Step 3:3-(4-Aminophenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanenitrile

To a solution of tert-butyl(4-(2-(cyanomethyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamate(product of step 2 of the synthesis of Intermediate 10, 23 mg, 0.06mmol) in DCM (1 mL), TFA (0.3 mL, 3.89 mmol) was added and the resultingclear solution was stirred at rt for 45 min. The volatiles were removedin vacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (100 mL), washed withsaturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (2×10 mL). The organic layer was driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to givethe crude product (15 mg, 88%). This material was used in the next stepwithout further purification.

LC/MS: m/z=281 [M−H]⁻.

Step 4: tert-Butyl1-[[4-[1-(cyanomethyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-2-carboxylate

To a mixture of3-(4-aminophenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanenitrile (15mg, 0.05 mmol) and2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxylic acid(product of step 1 of the synthesis of Intermediate 3, 21.78 mg, 0.06mmol) in EtOAc (1 mL), Et₃N (0.022 mL, 0.16 mmol) was added followed byT3P (50% in EtOAc, 0.063 mL, 0.11 mmol) and the reaction mixture wasstirred at rt for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was diluted by addition ofEtOAc (100 mL), washed with water (3×15 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filteredand the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a crude product (32mg, 99%). This material was used in the next step without furtherpurification.

LC/MS: m/z=604 [M−H]⁻.

Intermediate 11: tert-Butyl1-[[4-[3-ethoxy-3-oxo-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-2-carboxylate

Step 1: Ethyl3-[4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)phenyl]-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate

To a solution of3-(4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)phenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoicacid (product of step 2 of the synthesis of Intermediate 8, 133 mg, 0.33mmol) in DMF (3 mL), Na₂CO₃ (176 mg, 1.66 mmol) was added followed byiodoethane (0.107 mL, 1.33 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred atrt for 20 h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (150 mL)and water (25 mL). The layers were separated in a phase separator. Theorganic layer was washed further with water (2×20 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give acrude product (140 mg, 98%) which was used directly in the next stepwithout further purification.

LC/MS: m/z=428 [M−H]⁻.

Step 2: Ethyl3-(4-aminophenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate

To a solution of ethyl3-(4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)phenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate(140 mg, 0.33 mmol) in DCM (2 mL), TFA (0.5 mL, 6.49 mmol) was added andthe resulting solution was stirred at rt for 1 h. The volatiles wereremoved in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (150 mL), washedwith saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (2×10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure togive the title compound as a crude product (102 mg, 95%). This materialwas used in the next step without further purification.

Step 3: tert-Butyl1-[[4-[3-ethoxy-3-oxo-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-2-carboxylate

To a solution of ethyl3-(4-aminophenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate (102 mg,0.31 mmol) in EtOAc (2 mL), ethyl3-(4-aminophenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate (102 mg,0.31 mmol) was added. To this suspension Et₃N (0.130 mL, 0.93 mmol) wasadded to result a clear solution. To this clear reaction mixture T3P(50% in EtOAc, 0.370 mL, 0.62 mmol) was added in portions. Afteraddition was completed the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 30min. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (150 mL) andwater (20 mL). The layers were separated in a phase separator. Theorganic layer was washed further with water (3×20 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give acrude product (203 mg, 100%) which was used in the next step withoutfurther purification.

LC/MS: m/z=651 [M−H]⁻.

Intermediate 12: tert-Butyl1-[[4-[3-(cyclopropylamino)-3-oxo-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-2-carboxylate

Step 1: tert-butylN-[4-[3-(cyclopropylamino)-3-oxo-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamate

To a solution of3-(4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)phenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoicacid (product of step 2 of the synthesis of Intermediate 8, 46 mg, 0.11mmol) and cyclopropanamine (9.82 mg, 0.17 mmol) in EtOAc (1 mL), Et₃N(0.048 mL, 0.34 mmol) was added followed by T3P (50% in EtOAc) (0.136mL, 0.23 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 30 min.The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (100 mL) and water(10 mL). The layers were separated in a phase separator. The organiclayer was washed further with water (1×10 mL). The organic layer wasdried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuoto give a crude product (50 mg, 99%), which was used in the next stepwithout further purification.

LC/MS: m/z=439 [M−H]⁻.

Step 2:3-(4-Aminophenyl)-N-cyclopropyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanamide

To a solution of tert-butyl(4-(4-(cyclopropylamino)-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamate(product of step 1 of the synthesis of Intermediate 12, 50 mg, 0.11mmol) in DCM (1 mL), TFA (0.3 mL, 3.89 mmol) was added and the resultingclear solution was allowed to stand at rt for 30 min. The volatiles wereremoved in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (100 mL), washedwith saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (2×10 mL). The organic layer wasdried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuoto give a crude product (32 mg, 83%), which was used in the next stepwithout further purification.

LC/MS: m/z=339 [M−H]⁻.

Step 3: tert-Butyl1-[[4-[3-(cyclopropylamino)-3-oxo-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-2-carboxylate

To a mixture of3-(4-aminophenyl)-N-cyclopropyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanamide(32 mg, 0.09 mmol) and2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxylic acid(product of step 1 of the synthesis of Intermediate 3, 30 mg, 0.09 mmol)in EtOAc (1 mL), Et₃N (0.037 mL, 0.26 mmol) was added followed by T3P(50% in EtOAc, 0.105 mL, 0.18 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirredat rt for 30 min. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc(100 mL) and water (10 mL). The layers were separated in a phaseseparator and the organic layer was washed further with water (1×10 mL),dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuoto give a crude product (58 mg, 99%) which was used in the next stepwithout further purification.

LC/MS: m/z=662 [M−H]⁻.

Intermediate 13: tert-Butyl1-[[4-[3-acetamido-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-2-carboxylate

Step 1:[3-[4-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)phenyl]-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butyl]methanesulfonate

To a suspension of tert-butyl(4-(1,1,1-trifluoro-4-hydroxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamate(product of step 1 of the synthesis of Intermediate 9, 160 mg, 0.41mmol) in DCM (3 mL) in an ice-water bath, Et₃N (0.173 mL, 1.24 mmol) wasadded followed by methanesulfonyl chloride (0.048 mL, 0.62 mmol). Afteraddition was completed the reaction mixture was stirred at ca 3° C. for45 min. To this reaction mixture methanol (0.2 mL) was added and theice-water bath was removed. After 5 min at rt the reaction mixture waspartitioned between EtOAc (150 mL) and water (15 mL). The layers wereseparated in a phase separator. The organic layer was washed withsaturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (1×15 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filteredand the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a crude product (192mg, 100%) which was used in the next step without further purification.

LC/MS: m/z=464 [M−H]⁻.

Step 2: tert-ButylN-[4-[3-azido-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamate

To a solution of3-(4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)phenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butylmethanesulfonate (product of step 1 of the synthesis of Intermediate 13,192 mg, 0.41 mmol) in DMF (3 mL), sodium azide (0.073 mL, 2.06 mmol) wasadded and the reaction mixture was stirred at 65° C. After 2 h, anadditional portion of sodium azide (0.073 mL, 2.06 mmol) was added andthe reaction mixture was stirred at 65° C. for 36 h. The reactionmixture was cooled to rt, partitioned between EtOAc (150 mL) and water(20 mL). The layers were separated in a phase separator. The organiclayer was washed further with water (3×15 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a crudeproduct (170 mg, 100%), which was used in the next step without furtherpurification.

LC/MS: m/z=411 [M−H]⁻.

Step 3: tert-ButylN-[4-[3-amino-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamate

To a solution of tert-butyl(4-(4-azido-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamate(product of step 2 of the synthesis of Intermediate 13, 170 mg, 0.41mmol) in THF (3 mL), water (0.375 mL) was added followed bytriphenylphosphane (216 mg, 0.82 mmol) and the reaction mixture wasstirred at 45° C. overnight. The volatiles were removed in vacuo and theresidue was purified by flash chromatography on silica (0-50% EtOAc inheptane, then 5% methanol in DCM to remove all other products andfinally 10% methanol in DCM). Fractions containing desired product werecollected and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound (62 mg,39%).

LC/MS: m/z=385 [M−H]⁻.

Step 4: tert-ButylN-[4-[3-acetamido-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamate

To a solution of tert-butyl(4-(4-amino-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamate(product of step 3 of the synthesis of Intermediate 13, 60 mg, 0.16mmol) in pyridine (1.5 mL), Ac₂O (0.073 mL, 0.78 mmol) was added and thereaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. To this reaction mixturemethanol (0.3 mL) was added and after 5 min the volatiles were removedin vacuo. The residue was dissolved in methanol (4 mL), concentrated invacuo. This process was repeated for several times to give a crudeproduct (67 mg, 100%), which was used in the next step without furtherpurification.

LC/MS: m/z=427 [M−H]⁻.

Step 5:N-[3-(4-Aminophenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butyl]acetamide

To a solution of tert-butyl(4-(4-acetamido-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamate(product of step 4 of the synthesis of Intermediate 13, 67 mg, 0.16mmol) in DCM (1.5 mL), TFA (0.5 mL, 6.49 mmol) was added and theresulting reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 45 min. The volatileswere removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (150 mL),washed with water (1×10 mL) and aqueous saturated NaHCO₃ solution (1×20mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and the filtratewas concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a crude (50 mg,97%) which was used in the next step without further purification.

LC/MS: m/z=327 [M−H]⁻.

Step 6: tert-Butyl1-[[4-[3-acetamido-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-2-carboxylate

To a mixture ofN-(3-(4-aminophenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butyl)acetamide(50 mg, 0.15 mmol) and2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxylic acid(product of step 1 of the synthesis of Intermediate 3, 52.0 mg, 0.15mmol) in EtOAc (1.2 mL), T3P (50% in EtOAc, 0.181 mL, 0.30 mmol) wasadded followed by Et₃N (0.064 mL, 0.46 mmol). After the addition wascompleted the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 40 min. Thereaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (150 mL) and water (15mL). The layers were separated in a phase separator. The organic layerwas further washed with water (2×15 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andthe filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as acrude (99 mg, 100%) which was used in the next step without furtherpurification.

LC/MS: m/z=650 [M−H]⁻.

Example 1:N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethyl1-[[4-[1-cyano-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-2-carboxylate(Intermediate 2, 315 mg, 0.44 mmol) was dissolved in ACN (10 mL) and tothis diethylamine (3.69 mL, 35.31 mmol) was added. The reaction wasstirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo and theresidue was dissolved in methanol and loaded onto a log Isolute™ SCXcartridge (previously flushed with methanol). The cartridge was washedwith methanol and then the product was eluted with 2M NH₃ in methanol.The solvent was removed in vacuo to afford the product as a light greengum. This material was used crude in the next step. A small sample forbiological screening was purified by trituration with methanol.

LC/MS: m/z=492 [M+H]⁺. HRMS: calculated for (C₂₀H₁₅F₆N₃O₃S+H)⁺

492.0816; found (ESI [M+H]⁺) 492.0830. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 3.19(s, 3H), 3.94 (br s, 1H), 4.31-4.46 (m, 2H), 5.11 (s, 1H), 7.68-7.74 (m,3H), 7.82 (dd, 1H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.95-8.03 (m, 2H), 10.51 (s, 1H).

The hydrochloride salt of the title compound can be obtained fromtreatment of tert-butyl1-[[4-[1-cyano-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-2-carboxylate(Intermediate 4) with hydrochloric acid.

tert-Butyl1-[[4-[1-cyano-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-2-carboxylate(Intermediate 4, 1.66 g, 2.81 mmol) was dissolved in isopropyl acetate(5 mL) and to this 6M HCl in IPA (5.14 mL, 30.87 mmol) was added. Thereaction was stirred at rt overnight. The reaction was concentrated invacuo to afford the hydrochloride salt of the title compound (1.32 g,89%) as a solid, which was used without further purification.

LC/MS: m/z=492 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 3.24 (s, 3H), 4.73(d, 1H), 4.80 (d, 1H), 5.88 (s, 1H), 7.81 (d, 2H), 7.91-8.02 (m, 4H),8.07 (s, 1H), 11.85 (s, 1H).

Example 2:2-Acetyl-N-[4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide(Example 1, 70 mg, 0.14 mmol) was dissolved in THF (6 mL) and to thisacetic anhydride (0.094 mL, 1.00 mmol) was added. The reaction wasstirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo and thecrude purified by RP-HPLC (chromatographic conditions: gradient 5-95%ACN in 0.1M HCO₂H, pH3; column: Waters Sunfire C18 ODB 5p 19×150 mm) togive the title compound (54 mg, 70.9%).

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₂H₁₇F₆N₃O₄S+H)⁺ 534.0922; found (ESI [M+H]⁺)534.0921.

¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers, 5*:1) δ 1.99, 2.15* (s,3H), 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H), 4.76-4.93, 4.99-5.1* (m, 2H), 5.73*, 5.95 (s,1H), 7.70 (d, 1H), 7.73-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.86-7.93 (m, 3H), 8.00*, 8.03 (s,1H), 10.92*, 11.14 (s, 1H).

Example 3:N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-2-[(1-methoxycyclopropyl)carbonyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

T3P (50% solution in EtOAc, 0.145 mL, 0.24 mmol) was added to a solutionofN-[4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide(Example 1, 60 mg, 0.12 mmol). 1-methoxycyclopropanecarboxylic acid(21.27 mg, 0.18 mmol) and triethylamine (0.034 mL, 0.24 mmol) in DCM (2mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reactionmixture was partitioned between DCM and a saturated aqueous solution ofsodium bicarbonate. The layers were separated using a phase separatorcartridge and the organic layer was concentrated in vacuo. The residuewas purified by RP-HPLC (chromatographic conditions: gradient 5-95% ACNin 0.1M HCO₂H, pH3; column: Waters Sunfire C18 ODB 5μ 30×150 mm) toafford the title compound (43.6 mg, 60.6%).

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₅H₂₁F₆N₃O₅S+H)⁺ 590.1184; found (ESI [M+H]⁺)590.1211.

¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers, 2*:1) δ 0.81-1.2 (m, 4H),3.18, 3.22* (s, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 4.86-5.04, 5.18-5.29* (m, 2H), 5.90*,6.22 (s, 1H), 7.72-7.83 (m, 3H), 7.87-7.93 (m, 3H), 8.03, 8.06* (s, 1H),11.01, 11.09* (s, 1H).

Example 4:N¹-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-N²-methyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindole-1,2-dicarboxamide

Methyl isocyanate (43.2 mg, 0.76 mmol) was added to a mixture of the HClsalt ofN-[4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide(Example 1, 200 mg, 0.38 mmol) and triethylamine (0.158 mL, 1.14 mmol)in a mixture of DCM (2 mL) and THF (2 mL). The reaction mixture wasstirred at rt for 15 min. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and theresidue dissolved in EtOAc and washed with 1M aq HCl. The layers wereseparated and the organic layer was dried using a phase separatorcartridge. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purifiedby preparative SFC (chromatographic conditions: MeOH/NH₃ 20 mM; column:Phenomenex Luna Hilic 5μ 30×250 mm) to afford the title compound (127mg, 61%).

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₂H₁₈F₆N₄O₄S+H)⁺ 549.1031; found (ESI [M+H]+)549.1030.

1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 2.64 (d, 3H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 4.75 (d, 1H),4.82 (dd, 1H), 5.66 (d, 1H), 6.62 (q, 1H), 7.67 (d, 1H), 7.73 (d, 2H),7.85-7.92 (m, 3H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 10.82 (s, 1H).

Examples 5-11

Examples 5-11 (Table 1) were prepared using similar procedures to thosedescribed in examples 2 to 4.

Example 5:N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-2-(hydroxyacetyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamideExample 6:N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-2-formyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamideExample 7: Methyl1-{[4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]carbamoyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindole-2-carboxylateExample 8:N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-2-(methoxyacetyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamideExample 9:4-[1-{[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]carbamoyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl]-4-oxobutanoicacid Example 10:N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-2-glycyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamideExample 11:2-(3-Aminopropanoyl)-N-[4-[1-cyano-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-1-carboxamide

TABLE 1 Example No. Structure MS + NMR 5

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₂H₁₇F₆N₃O₅S + H)⁺ 550.0871; found (ESI [M + H]⁺)550.0863. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO- d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 3.21,3.22* (s, 3H), 3.92, 4.15, 4.24* (dd, 1H), 4.27* (dd, 1H), 4.83-4.96,4.96- 4.99* (m, 2H), 5.00*, 5.24 (t, 1H), 5.79*, 6.03 (s, 1H), 7.71-7.8(m, 3H), 7.87-7.92 (m, 3H), 8.00*, 8.04 (s, 1H), 10.96*, 11.10 (s, 1H).6

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₁H₁₅F₆N₃O₄S + H)⁺ 520.0765; found (ESI [M + H]⁺)520.0715. ¹NMR (600 MHz, DMSO- d₆, mixture of rotamers, 2*:1) δ 3.22,3.23* (s, 3H), 4.78, 4.88, 5.08* (d, 1H), 5.14* (d, 1H), 5.78*, 6.01 (s,1H), 7.71- 7.78 (m, 3H), 7.83-7.94 (m, 3H), 8.04, 8.05* (s, 1H), 8.40,8.49* (s, 1H), 10.97*, 11.06 (s, 1H). 7

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₂H₁₇F₆N₃O₅S + H)⁺ 550.0871; found (ESI [M + H]⁺)550.0847. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO- d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:3) δ 3.21(s, 3H), 3.63, 3.71* (s, 3H), 4.81-4.92 (d, 2H), 5.69*, 5.71 (s, 1H),7.71, 7.76* (d, 3H), 7.87-7.93 (m, 3H), 8.01*, 8.03 (s, 1H), 10.96,10.99* (s, 1H). 8

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₃H₁₉F₆N₃O₅S + H)⁺ 564.1028; found (ESI [M + H]⁺)564.1011. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO- d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 3.21,3.22* (s, 3H), 3.26, 3.36* (s, 3H), 3.96- 4.11, 4.19-4.31* (m, 2H),4.82-5.07 (m, 2H), 5.80*, 6.01 (s, 1H), 7.69-7.81 (m, 3H), 7.85-7.94 (m,3H), 8.01*, 8.04 (s, 1H), 10.98*, 11.05 (s, 1H). 9

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₄H₁₉F₆N₃O₆S + H)⁺ 592.0977; found (ESI [M + H]⁺)592.0972. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO- d₆, mixture of rotamers, 5*:1) δ 2.44-2.7 (m, 2H), 2.63-2.7 (m, 1H), 2.72- 2.79 (m, 1H), 3.22, 3.23* (s, 3H),4.72- 4.95, 5.02-5.13*(m, 2H), 5.74*, 6.01 (s, 1H), 7.68-7.8 (m, 3H),7.86-7.94 (m, 3H), 8.02*, 8.04 (s, 1H), 10.88*, 11.13 (s, 1H), 12.13 (hrs, 1H). 10

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₂H₁₈F₆N₄O₄S + H)⁺ 549.1031; found (ESI [M + H]⁺)549.1021. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO- d₆, mixture of rotamers, 5*:1) δ 3.21,3.22* (s, 3H), 3.47-3.57 (m, 2H), 4.80- 4.96, 4.94-5.02* (m, 2H), 5.79*,5.97 (s, 1H), 7.69-7.81 (m, 3H), 7.87-7.94 (m, 3H), 8.01*, 8.05 (s, 1H),10.98 (s, 1H). 11

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₃H₂₀F₆N₄O₄S + H)⁺ 563.1188; found (ESI [M + H]⁺)563.1213. ¹NMR (600 MHz, DMSO- d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) 6 2.56-2.61 (m, 2H), 2.83, 2.85* (t, 2H), 3.21, 3.23* (s, 3H), 4.77-4.96,5.02-5.1* (m, 2H), 5.77*, 6.06 (s, 1H), 7.70-7.81 (m, 3H), 7.88-7.95 (m,3H), 8.01*, 8.03 (s, 1H).

Example 12:N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-[(cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethyl1-[[4-[1-cyano-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-5-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate(Intermediate 5, 310 mg, 0.41 mmol) was dissolved in ACN (10 mL) and tothis diethylamine (3.44 mL, 32.90 mmol) was added. The reaction wasstirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo and theresidue was dissolved in methanol and loaded onto a log Isolute™ SCXcartridge (previously flushed with methanol). The cartridge was washedwith methanol and then the product was eluted with 2M NH₃ in methanol.The solvent was removed in vacuo to afford the title compound as a gum(230 mg, 105%), which was used without further purification. A smallsample was purified for biological screening by RP-HPLC (chromatographicconditions: gradient 5-95% ACN in 0.2% NH₃, pH10; column: Waters XbridgeC18 5μ ODB 19×150 mm). LC/MS: m/z=532 [M+H]⁺.

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₃H₁₉F₆N₃O₃S+H)⁺ 532.1129; found (ESI [M+H]+)532.1119.

¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 0.09-0.15 (m, 2H), 0.40-0.47 (m, 2H),0.76-0.84 (m, 1H), 3.24 (dd, 2H), 4.05 (br s, 1H), 4.34-4.46 (m, 2H),5.13 (s, 1H), 7.71 (dd, 3H), 7.79 (d, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.97-8.01 (m,2H), 10.53 (s, 1H).

Example 13:2-Acetyl-N-[4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-[(cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-[(cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide(Example 12, 80 mg, 0.15 mmol) was dissolved in THF (6 mL) and to thisacetic anhydride (0.014 mL, 0.15 mmol) was added. The reaction wasstirred at rt for 1 h, and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue waspurified by RP-HPLC (chromatographic conditions: gradient 5-95% ACN in0.1M HCO₂H, pH3; column: Waters Sunfire C18 ODB 5μ 19×150 mm) to affordthe title compound (62.4 mg, 72.3%).

LC/MS: m/z=574 [M+H]⁺. HRMS: calculated for (C₂₅H₂₁F₆N₃O₄S+H)⁺ 574.1235;found (ESI [M+H]+) 574.1229. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆, Mixture ofrotamers, 5*:1) δ 0.06-0.16 (m, 2H), 0.38-0.5 (m, 2H), 0.73-0.88 (m,1H), 1.99, 2.15* (s, 3H), 3.22-3.31 (m, 2H), 4.74-4.92, 5-5.11* (m, 2H),5.74*, 5.95 (d, 1H), 7.70 (d, 1H), 7.73-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.85-7.94 (m, 3H),7.97*, 8.00 (s, 1H), 10.91*, 11.13 (s, 1H).

Example 14:2-Acetyl-N-[4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(ethylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

Step 1:N-[4-[1-cyano-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-5-ethylsulfonyl-isoindoline-1-carboxamide

tert-Butyl1-((4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamoyl)-5-(ethylsulfonyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate(Intermediate 6, 60 mg, 0.10 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (2 mL) and tothis TFA (1 mL, 12.98 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirredat rt for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and theresidue dissolved in methanol. This was loaded onto a 1 g Isolute™ SCXcartridge (previously flushed with methanol). The cartridge was flushedwith methanol before the product was eluted using 2M NH₃ in methanol.N-[4-[1-cyano-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-5-ethylsulfonyl-isoindoline-1-carboxamide(35.0 mg, 70%) was obtained as a gum which was used directly in the nextstep.

LC/MS: m/z=506 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2:2-Acetyl-N-[4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(ethylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

N-[4-[1-cyano-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-5-ethylsulfonyl-isoindoline-1-carboxamide(35 mg, 0.07 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (2 mL) and to this triethylamine(0.019 mL, 0.14 mmol) and then acetyl chloride (9.85 μl, 0.14 mmol) wasadded. The mixture was stirred at rt for 30 min. The reaction wasconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by RP-HPLC(chromatographic conditions: gradient 5-95% ACN in 0.1M HCO₂H, pH3;column: Waters Sunfire C18 ODB 5μ 19×150 mm) to afford the titlecompound (21.10 mg, 56%). LC/MS: m/z=548 [M+H]⁺.

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₃H₁₉F₆N₃O₄S+H)⁺ 548.1078; found (ESI [M+H]+)548.1075.

¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers, 5*:1) δ 1.09, 1.1* (t,3H), 1.99, 2.15* (s, 3H), 3.25-3.32 (m, 2H), 4.72-4.92, 5-5.11* (m, 2H),5.73*, 5.95 (s, 1H), 7.69-7.79 (m, 3H), 7.85-7.93 (m, 3H), 7.96*, 7.99(s, 1H), 10.93*, 11.15 (s, 1H).

Example 15:2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

2-Acetyl-N-(4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxamide(Intermediate 3, 73.4 mg, 0.14 mmol) was suspended in ACN (2 mL).Triethylamine (0.058 mL, 0.42 mmol) was added and a solution obtained. Asolution of methanesulfonic anhydride (73.2 mg, 0.42 mmol) in ACN (2 mL)was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 0.5 h.Pyrrolidine (49.8 mg, 0.70 mmol) dissolved in ACN (1 mL) was then addedand the resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 1 h. The mixture wasconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc and0.5M aqueous HCl. The layers were separated and the organic layer wasdried using a phase separator cartridge and concentrated in vacuo. Thecrude was purified by preparative SFC-MS (chromatographic conditions:MeOH/NH₃ 20 mM; column: Waters BEH 5 μm 30×250 mm) to give the titlecompound (23.9 mg, 29.6%).

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₅H₂₅F₆N₃O₄S+H)⁺ 578.1548; found (ESI [M+H]+)578.1555.

¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 1.72-1.81 (m,4H), 1.99, 2.15* (s, 3H), 2.86 (br s, 4H), 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H),4.74-4.92, 4.99-5.09* (m, 2H), 5.72*, 5.92 (s, 1H), 7.55*, 7.57 (d, 2H),7.67-7.79 (m, 3H), 7.90 (dd, 1H), 7.99*, 8.02 (s, 1H), 10.70*, 10.94 (s,1H).

Example 16:2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(propylamino)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

2-Acetyl-N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide(Intermediate 3, 0.080 g, 0.15 mmol) was suspended in ACN (2 ml).Triethylamine (0.063 ml, 0.46 mmol) was added and a solution obtained. Asolution of methanesulfonic anhydride (0.080 g, 0.46 mmol) in ACN (2 ml)was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 0.5 h.Propan-1-amine (0.045 g, 0.76 mmol) in ACN (1 ml) was then added and theresulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 0.5 h. The mixture wasconcentrated in vacuo and the residue partitioned between EtOAc and 0.5Maqueous HCl. The layers were separated and the organic layer was driedusing a phase separator cartridge and concentrated in vacuo. The crudewas purified by preparative SFC-MS (chromatographic conditions: MeOH/NH₃20 mM; column: Phenomenex Luna Hilic 5μ 30×250 mm) to give the titlecompound (44 mg, 50.4%).

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₄H₂₅F₆N₃O₄S+H)⁺ 566.1548; found (ESI [M+H]+)566.1531.

¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 0.83 (t, 3H),1.43-1.59 (m, 2H), 1.99, 2.15* (s, 3H), 2.30-2.37 (m, 2H), 3.21, 3.22*(s, 3H), 3.59-3.69 (m, 1H), 4.73-4.94, 4.99-5.08* (m, 2H), 5.73*, 5.93(s, 1H), 7.60*, 7.62 (d, 2H), 7.68-7.79 (m, 3H), 7.90 (d, 1H), 8.00*,8.03 (s, 1H), 10.69*, 10.92 (s, 1H).

Examples 17-27

Examples 17-27 (Table 2) were prepared using similar procedures to thosedescribed in examples 15 and 16.

Example 17:2-Acetyl-N-(4-{1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-[(2-methoxyethyl)amino]propan-2-yl}phenyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamideExample 18:2-Acetyl-N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-{1[(1-methoxycyclopropyl)methyl]amino}propan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamideExample 19:2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(oxetan-3-ylamino)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamideExample 20:2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylamino)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamideExample 21:2-Acetyl-N-(4-{1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]propan-2-yl}phenyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamideExample 22:2-Acetyl-N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-{[3-(methylsulfonyl)propyl]amino}propan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamideExample 23:2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(morpholin-4-yl)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamideExample 24:2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(methylamino)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamideExample 25:2-Acetyl-N-{4-[2-(dimethylamino)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamideExample 26:2-Acetyl-N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-{[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}propan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamideExample 27:2-Acetyl-N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-{[2-(propan-2-yloxy)ethyl]amino}propan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

TABLE 2 Example No. Structure MS + NMR 17

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₄H₂₅F₆N₃O₅S + H)⁺ 582.1497; found (ESI [M + H]⁺)582.1500. ¹NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 1.99,2.15* (s, 3H), 2.55-2.59 (m, 2H), 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H), 3.25 (s, 3H),3.44 (t, 2H), 3.52- 3.90 (m, 1H), 4.76-4.92, 4.99-5.09* (m, 2H), 5.72*,5.92 (s, 1H), 7.62*, 7.65 (d, 2H), 7.68-7.79 (m, 3H), 7.90 (d, 1H),7.99*, 8.02 (s, 1H), 10.71*, 10.94 (s, 1H). 18

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₆H₂₇F₆N₃O₄S + H)⁺ 608.1653; found (ESI [M + H]⁺)608.1669. 19

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₄H₂₃F₆N₃O₅S + H)⁺ 580.1341; found (ESI [M + H]⁺)580.1332. ¹NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 1.99,2.15* (s, 3H), 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H), 3.79-3.89 (m, 1H), 4.46-4.51 (m 2H),4.55 (t, 2H), 4.85 (d, 1H), 4.76-4.91, 4.99-5.01* (m, 2H), 5.73*, 5.93(s, 1H), 7.50*, 7.52 (d, 2H), 7.67-7.79 (m, 3H), 7.90 (d, 1H), 8.00*,8.03 (s, 1H), 10.72*, 10.96 (s, 1H). 20

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₆H₂₇F₆N₃O₅S + H)⁺ 608.1653; found (ESI [M + H]⁺)608.1681. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO- d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) 61.45-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.68 (br d, 2H), 1.99, 2.15* (s, 3H), 2.52 (m, 1H)(under DMSO located by COSY), 3.03-3.11 (m, 2H), 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H),3.52 (d, 1H), 3.71-3.77 (m, 2H), 4.75-4.94, 5-5.09* (m, 2H), 5.72*, 5.92(s, 1H), 7.63*, 7.65 (d, 2H), 7.68-7.79 (m, 3H), 7.91 (dd, 1H), 8.00*,8.02 (s, 1H), 10.70*, 10.94 (s, 1H). 21

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₃H₂₃F₆N₃O₅S + H)⁺ 568.1341; found (ESI [M + H]⁺)568.1348. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO- d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 1.99,2.15* (s, 3H), 2.45-2.51 (m, 2H) (under DMSO located by COSY), 3.21,3.22* (s, 3H), 3.50 (t, 3H), 4.76-4.92, 4.99- 5.09* (m, 2H), 5.73*, 5.93(s, 1H), 7.6- 7.79 (m, 5H), 7.90 (d, 1H), 8.00*, 8.02 (s, 1H), 10.69*,10.92 (s, 1H). 22

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₅H₂₇F₆N₃O₆S₂+ H)⁺ 644.1324; found (ESI [M + H]⁺)644.1346. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 2.00-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H),2.66-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.94 (s, 3H), 3.08 (s, 3H), 3.10- 3.15 (m, 2H), 5.00(q, 2H), 6.02 (s, 1H), 7.52-7.63 (m, 4H), 7.68 (d, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H),7.97 (d, 1H), 9.74 (s, 1H). 23

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₅H₂₅F₆N₃O₅S + H)⁺ 594.1497; found (ESI [M + H]⁺)594.1495. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO- d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 1.98,2.14* (s, 3H), 2.75 (hr s, 4H), 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H), 3.62-3.68 (hr m,4H), 4.75-4.91, 4.98-5.09* (m, 2H), 5.72*, 5.93 (d, 1H), 7.64-7.79 (m,5H), 7.90 (dd, 1H), 8.00*, 8.02 (s, 1H), 10.73*, 10.97 (s, 1H). 24

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₂H₂₁F₆N₃O₄S + H)⁺ 538.1235; found (ESI [M + H]⁺)538.1227. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO- d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 1.99,2.15* (s, 3H), 2.22 (d, 3H), 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H), 3.79-3.89 (m, 1H),4.71-4.93, 4.97-5.1* (m, 2H), 5.73*, 5.93 (s, 1H), 7.58*, 7.61 (d, 2H),7.68-7.79 (m, 3H), 7.90 (d, 1H), 8.00*, 8.03 (s, 1H), 10.70*, 10.93 (s,1H). 25

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₃H₂₃F₆N₃O₄S + H)⁺ 552.1392; found (ESI [M + H]⁺)552.1396. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO- d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 1.99,2.15* (s, 3H), 2.54 (s, 6H), 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H), 4.71-4.96*, 4.98-5.11(m, 2H), 5.72*, 5.93 (s, 1H), 7.58*, 7.60 (d, 2H), 7.67-7.8 (m, 3H),7.90 (dd, 1H), 8.00*, 8.02 (s, 1H), 10.70, 10.93* (s, 1H). 26

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₄H₂₅F₆N₃O₆S₂+ H)⁺ 630.1167; found (ESI [M + H]⁺)630.1198. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO- d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 1.99,2.15* (s, 3H), 2.77-2.85 (m, 2H), 3.02 (s, 3H), 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H),3.42 (t, 2H), 4.02-4.12 (m, 1H), 4.76-4.94, 4.99-5.11* (m, 2H), 5.72*,5.93 (s, 1H), 7.63*, 7.65 (d, 2H), 7.69-7.8 (m, 3H), 7.90 (d, 1H),8.00*, 8.02 (s, 1H), 10.71*, 10.95 (s, 1H). 27

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₆H₂₉F₆N₃O₅S + H)⁺ 610.1810; found (ESI [M + H]⁺)610.1843. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO- d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 1.08(d, 6H), 1.99, 2.15* (s, 3H), 2.51-2.53 (m, 2H) (under DMSO located byCOSY), 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H), 3.47 (t, 2H), 3.52- 3.57 (m, 2H), 4.76-4.91,4.99-5.08* (m, 2H), 5.72*, 5.93 (s, 1H), 7.65*, 7.67 (d, 2H), 7.69-7.79(m, 3H), 7.90 (dd, 1H), 8.00*, 8.02 (s, 1H), 10.70*, 10.93 (s, 1H).

Example 28:2-Acetyl-N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methoxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

2-Acetyl-N-(4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxamide(Intermediate 3.70 mg, 0.13 mmol), K₂CO₃ (22.14 mg, 0.16 mmol) andmethyl iodide (10.02 μl, 0.16 mmol) were mixed together in DMF (1 mL)and heated at 80° C. for 7 h. The reaction was allowed to cool to rt anddiluted with EtOAc. This was washed twice with water and twice withbrine. The organic layer was dried using a phase separator cartridge,concentrated in vacuo and purified by preparative SFC-MS(chromatographic conditions: MeOH/NH₃ 20 mM, EP; column: Waters AcquityUPC2 BEH 2-EP 3.5 μm 3×100 mm) to give the title compound (42.5 mg,59.1%)

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₂H₂₀F₆N₂O₅S+H)⁺ 539.1075; found (ESI [M+H]+)539.1088.

¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 1.99, 2.15* (s,3H), 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H), 3.42 (br s, 3H), 4.75-4.95, 4.99-5.10* (m,2H), 5.73*, 5.94 (s, 1H), 7.52*, 7.55 (d, 2H), 7.70 (d, 1H), 7.76-7.81*,7.82-7.84 (m, 2H), 7.91 (dd, 1H), 8.00*, 8.03 (s, 1H), 10.78*, 11.01 (s,1H).

Example 29:2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

2-Acetyl-N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide(Intermediate 3, 0.080 g, 0.15 mmol) was dissolved in ACN (2 ml) andtriethylamine (0.063 ml, 0.46 mmol). Methanesulfonic anhydride (0.080 g,0.46 mmol) in ACN (2 ml) was added and the resulting mixture was stirredat rt for 0.5 h. 1H-1,2,3-triazole (0.053 g, 0.76 mmol) in ACN (1 ml)was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 0.5 h. Themixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue partitioned betweenEtOAc and 0.5M aqueous HCl. The layers were separated and the organiclayer was dried using a phase separator cartridge and then concentratedin vacuo. A sample for biological screening was purified using SFC1-MS(chromatographic conditions: MeOH/NH₃ 20 mM; column: Waters BEH 2-EP 5μm 30×250 mm) to afford the title compound (4.30 mg, 4.90%).

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₃H₁₉F₆N₅O₄S+H)⁺ 576.1140; found (ESI [M+H]+)576.1146.

¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 1.98, 2.15* (s,3H), 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H), 4.74-4.94, 4.99-5.08* (m, 2H), 5.73*, 5.94 (s,1H), 7.33*, 7.34 (d, 2H), 7.68*, 7.77 (d, 1H), 7.75-7.84 (m, 2H), 7.91(dd, 1H), 8.00*, 8.03 (s, 1H), 8.04*, 8.05 (d, 1H), 8.35*, 8.36 (d, 1H),10.84*, 11.07 (s, 1H).

Example 30:2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

Step 1:5-Methylsulfonyl-N-[4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]isoindoline-1-carboxamide

5M HCL in IPA (0.5 mL, 2.50 mmol) was added to tert-butyl1-((4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamoyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate(Intermediate 7, 51.9 mg, 0.08 mmol) in isopropyl acetate (0.5 mL). Thereaction was stirred at rt overnight. The reaction was concentrated invacuo and the residue was co-evaporated with EtOAc/heptane (1:1). TheHCl salt of the product was obtained as a grey solid. The yield wasassumed quantitative and the material was used directly in the nextstep.

LC/MS: m/z=549 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2:2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

The HCL salt ofN-(4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl)phenyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxamide(product of step 1 of the synthesis of Example 30, 46.8 mg, 0.08 mmol)was suspended in DCM (2 mL) and to this triethylamine (0.033 mL, 0.24mmol), acetic acid (9.16 μl, 0.16 mmol) and T3P (50% solution in EtOAc,50.9 mg, 0.16 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at rt for 30min. The reaction was diluted with DCM and washed with 0.5M aqueous HCland then with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The layers were separated usinga phase separator cartridge and the DCM removed in vacuo. The residuewas purified by flash chromatography eluting with 20-100% EtOAc inheptane to afford the title compound (20 mg, 42.3%).

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₃H₂₀F₆N₆O₄S+H)⁺ 591.1249; found (ESI [M+H]+)591.1249.

¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 1.98, 2.14* (s,3H), 3.20, 3.21* (s, 3H), 4.47, 4.48* (s, 3H), 4.75-4.93, 4.98-5.08* (m,2H), 5.71*, 5.93 (s, 1H), 7.22*, 7.25 (d, 2H), 7.62-7.78 (m, 3H), 7.89(dd, 1H), 7.99*, 8.02 (s, 1H), 10.77*, 11.00 (s, 1H).

Example 31: Methyl4,4,4-trifluoro-3-[4-[(5-methylsulfonylisoindoline-1-carbonyl)amino]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate

To a solution of tert-butyl5-(methylsulfonyl)-1-((4-(1,1,1-trifluoro-4-methoxy-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamoyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate(Intermediate 8, 364 mg, 0.57 mmol) in DCM (4 mL), TFA (1.5 mL, 19.47mmol) was added and the resulting solution was stirred at rt for 45 min.The volatiles were removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc(200 mL), washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (2×15 mL), driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to givethe title compound as a crude (260 mg, 85%) most of which was used inthe next step without further purification. The compound can further bepurified using RP-HPLC (chromatographic conditions: gradient 5-95% ACNin 0.2% NH₃, pH10; column: Waters Xbridge C18 5μ ODB 19×150 mm).

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₂H₂₀F₆N₂O₅S+H)⁺ 539.1075; found (ESI [M+H]⁺)539.1101.

¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆); δ 3.18 (s, 3H); 3.53 (s, 3H); 3.58 (s, 2H);4.42 (q, 2H); 5.13 (s, 1H); 7.58 (d, 2H); 7.73 (d, 1H); 7.75-7.77 (m,2H); 7.82 (d, 1H); 7.88 (s, 1H); 10.39 (s, 1H).

Example 32: Methyl3-[4-({[2-acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-yl]carbonyl}amino)phenyl]-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate

To a solution of methyl4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(4-(5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxamido)phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate(Example 31, 200 mg, 0.37 mmol) in pyridine (2 mL), Ac₂O (0.105 mL, 1.11mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt over night.The volatiles were removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved inmethanol (3 mL), concentrated in vacuo. This process was repeated forseveral times to give the title compound (216 mg, 100%) as a crude. Onlya small portion was purified by SFC1-MS (chromatographic conditions:MeOH/NH₃ 20 mM, BEH; column: Waters BEH 5 μm 30×250 mm) the rest wasused in subsequent steps without further purification.

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₄H₂₂F₆N₂O₆S+H)⁺ 581.1181; found (ESI [M+H]⁺)581.1218.

¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 1.99, 2.15* (s,3H); 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H); 3.53, 3.54* (s, 3H); 3.58*, 3.59 (s, 2H);4.79-5.07 (m, 2H); 5.72*, 5.92 (s, 1H); 7.55-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.65-7.79 (m,3H), 7.90 (d, 1H), 7.96-8.04 (m, 1H), 10.72*, 10.95 (s, 1H).

Example 33:2-Acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-N-{4-[1,1,1-trifluoro-4-hydroxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

To a suspension of sodium tetrahydroborate (0.038 mL, 1.07 mmol) in THF(0.5 mL), a solution of methyl3-(4-(2-acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxamido)phenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate(Example 32, 156 mg, 0.27 mmol) in THF (1.5 mL) was added in portions.After addition was completed the reaction mixture was stirred at rt.After 2 h an additional portion of sodium tetrahydroborate (0.038 mL,1.07 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt overnight. An additional portion of sodium tetrahydroborate (0.038 mL, 1.07mmol) was added followed by dropwise addition of methanol (1 mL) and thereaction mixture was stirred at rt for 72 h. The reaction mixture wasacidified to pH 2 by addition to diluted aqueous HCl in an ice waterbath and extracted with EtOAc (150 mL). The organic layer was washedwith water (2×25 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and the filtrate wasconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in DMSO (2 mL),filtered and purified using RP-HPLC (chromatographic conditions:gradient 5-95% ACN in 0.1M HCO₂H, pH 3; column: Waters Sunfire C18 ODB5μ 30×150 mm) to give 19.5 mg (13%) of the title compound.

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₃H₂₂F₆N₂O₅S+H)⁺ 553.1232; found (ESI [M+H]⁺)553.1241.

¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 1.99, 2.15* (s,3H); 2.53-2.56 (m, 2H); 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H); 3.33-3.40 (m, 2H);4.77-5.07 (m, 3H); 5.72*, 5.93 (s, 1H); 7.54-7.60 (m, 2H); 7.68-7.79 (m,3H); 7.90 (d, 1H); 7.98-8.05 (m, 1H); 10.73*, 10.96 (s, 1H).

Example 34:2-Acetyl-N-(4-{1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-[(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methyl]propan-2-yl}phenyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

(Z)-N′-hydroxyacetimidamide (30.6 mg, 0.41 mmol) was dissolved in THF(0.4 mL) at rt. NaH (16.54 mg, 0.41 mmol) was added and the reactionmixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. To this reaction mixture a solutionof methyl3-(4-(2-acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxamido)phenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate(Example 32, 60 mg, 0.10 mmol) in THF (0.6 mL) was added. After additionwas completed the reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 30 min. Thereaction mixture was cooled to rt, quenched with methanol, diluted byaddition of EtOAc (150 mL), washed successively with diluted aqueous HCl(2×15 mL) and water (2×15 mL). After drying over Na₂SO₄ and filtration,the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved inDMSO (2 mL), filtered and purified using SFC1-MS (chromatographicconditions: MeOH/NH₃ 20 mM; column: Waters BEH 2-EP 5 μm 30×250 mm). Anamount of 2.7 mg (4%) of the title compound was isolated.

LC/MS: m/z=603 [M−H]⁻.

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₅H₂₂F₆N₄O₅S+H)⁺ 605.1293; found (ESI [M+H]⁺)605.1295.

Example 35:2-Acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-N-{4-[1,1,1,4-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

Step 1:N-[4-[3-fluoro-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-1-carboxamide

To a solution of tert-butyl5-(methylsulfonyl)-1-((4-(1,1,1,4-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamoyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate(Intermediate 9, 270 mg, 0.44 mmol) in DCM (3 mL), TFA (1 mL, 12.98mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 45 min.The volatiles were removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc(150 mL), washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (2×15 mL), driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to givea crude product (220 mg) which was used in the next step without anypurification.

LC/MS: m/z=513 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2:2-Acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-N-{4-[1,1,1,4-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

To a solution of5-(methylsulfonyl)-N-(4-(1,1,1,4-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl)phenyl)isoindoline-1-carboxamide(product of step 1 of the synthesis of Example 35, 220 mg, 0.43 mmol) inpyridine (3 mL), Ac₂O (0.122 mL, 1.29 mmol) was added and the reactionmixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. After addition of methanol (0.5 mL)the volatiles were removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc(150 mL), washed with water (3×15 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andthe filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved inDMSO (2 mL), filtered and purified using RP-HPLC (chromatographicconditions: gradient 5-95% ACN in 0.2% NH₃, pH10; column: Waters XbridgeC18 5μ ODB 30×150 mm) to give 37 mg (16%) of the title compound.

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₃H₂₁F₇N₂O₄S+H)⁺ 555.1188; found (ESI [M+H]⁺)555.1201.

¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) 1.99, 2.15* (s,3H); 2.72-2.95 (m, 2H); 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H); 3.95-4.04, 4.42-4.55* (m,2H); 4.78-5.07 (m, 2H); 5.72*, 5.93 (s, 1H); 7.54-7.79 (m, 5H); 7.90 (d,1H); 8.00*, 8.03 (s, 1H); 10.74*, 10.98 (s, 1H).

Example 36:2-Acetyl-N-{4-[2-(cyanomethyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

Step 1:N-[4-[1-(Cyanomethyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-1-carboxamide

To a solution of tert-butyl1-((4-(2-(cyanomethyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamoyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate(Intermediate 10, 32 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DCM (0.6 mL), TFA (0.2 mL, 2.60mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. Thevolatiles were removed in vacuo to give the title compound as a crude(33 mg, 100%) which was used in the next step without furtherpurification.

LC/MS: m/z=506 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2:2-Acetyl-N-{4-[2-(cyanomethyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

To a solution ofN-(4-(2-(cyanomethyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxamide2,2,2-trifluoroacetate (product of step 1 of the synthesis of Example36, 33 mg, 0.05 mmol) in pyridine (0.5 mL), acetic anhydride (0.015 mL,0.16 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h.The volatiles were removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved inmethanol (2 mL) and concentrated in vacuo. This process was repeatedseveral times to give the title compound as a crude which was dissolvedin DMSO (1.5 mL), filtered and purified using SFC1-MS (chromatographicconditions: MeOH/NH₃ 20 mM; column: Waters BEH 2-EP 5 μm 30×250 mm) togive 18.9 mg (65%) of the title compound.

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₃H₁₉F₆N₃O₄S+H)⁺ 548.1078; found (ESI [M+H]⁺)548.1068.

¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 1.99, 2.15* (s,3H); 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H); 4.11*, 4.12 (s, 2H); 4.77-5.09 (m, 2H); 5.73*,5.94 (s, 1H); 7.69-7.73 (m, 3H); 7.76-7.81 (m, 2H); 7.89 (dd, 1H);7.97-8.05 (m, 1H); 10.79*, 11.02 (s, 1H).

Example 37: Ethyl3-[4-({[2-acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-yl]carbonyl}amino)phenyl]-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate

Step 1: Ethyl4,4,4-trifluoro-3-[4-[(5-methylsulfonylisoindoline-1-carbonyl)amino]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate

To a solution of tert-butyl1-((4-(4-ethoxy-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamoyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate(Intermediate 11, 203 mg, 0.31 mmol) in DCM (2 mL), TFA (0.5 mL, 6.49mmol) was added and the resulting reaction mixture was stirred at rt for45 min. The volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residue wasdissolved in EtOAc (200 mL), washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃solution (2×15 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and the filtrate wasconcentrated in vacuo to give a crude product (170 mg, 99%), which wasused in the next step without further purification.

LC/MS: m/z=553 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Ethyl3-[4-({[2-acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-yl]carbonyl}amino)phenyl]-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate

To a solution of ethyl4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(4-(5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxamido)phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate(product of step 1 of the synthesis of Example 37, 170 mg, 0.31 mmol) inpyridine (2 mL), Ac₂O (0.116 mL, 1.23 mmol) was added and the reactionmixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The volatiles were removed in vacuo.The residue was dissolved in methanol (3 mL), concentrated in vacuo.This process was repeated for several times. The crude material waspurified using RP-HPLC (chromatographic conditions: gradient 5-95% ACNin 0.2% NH₃, pH10; column: Waters Xbridge C18 5μ ODB 30×150 mm) to give81.4 mg (45%) of the title compound.

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₅H₂₄F₆N₂O₆S+H)⁺ 595.1337; found (ESI [M+H]⁺)595.1324.

¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 1.03-1.10 (m,3H); 1.99, 2.15* (s, 3H); 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H); 3.55*, 3.56 (s, 2H); 3.99(q, 2H); 4.78-5.07 (m, 2H); 5.72*, 5.92 (s, 1H); 7.55-7.79 (m, 5H); 7.89(dd, 1H); 7.97-8.05 (s, 1H); 10.70*, 10.93 (s, 1H).

Example 38:2-Acetyl-N-{4-[4-(cyclopropylamino)-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

Step 1:N-[4-[3-(Cyclopropylamino)-3-oxo-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-1-carboxamide

To a solution of tert-butyl1-((4-(4-(cyclopropylamino)-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamoyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate(Intermediate 12, 58 mg, 0.09 mmol) in DCM (1 mL), TFA (0.3 mL, 3.89mmol) was added and the resulting solution was stirred at rt for 40 min.The volatiles were removed in vacuo to give a crude product (59 mg,100%), which was used in the next step.

LC/MS: m/z=564 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2:2-Acetyl-N-{4-[4-(cyclopropylamino)-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

To a solution ofN-(4-(4-(cyclopropylamino)-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl)phenyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxamide2,2,2-trifluoroacetate (product of step 1 of the synthesis of Example38, 59 mg, 0.09 mmol) in pyridine (1 mL), Ac₂O (0.025 mL, 0.26 mmol) wasadded and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. The volatileswere removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in methanol (2 mL), andsubsequently concentrated in vacuo. This process was repeated severaltimes. The residue was dissolved in DMSO (1.5 mL), filtered and thefiltrate was purified using SFC1-MS (chromatographic conditions:MeOH/NH₃ 20 mM; column: Waters BEH 5 μm 30×250 mm) to give 35.4 mg (67%)of the title compound.

LC/MS: m/z=604 [M−H]⁻.

¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 0.29-0.32 (m 2H),0.55-0.58 (m, 2H), 1.99, 2.15* (s, 3H); 2.47-2.49 (m, 1H); 3.21, 3.22*(s, 3H); 3.26*, 3.27 (s, 2H); 4.79-5.07 (m, 2H); 5.73*, 5.93 (s, 1H);7.56-7.79 (m, 5H); 7.90 (d, 1H); 7.98-8.04 (m, 1H); 8.24-8.26 (m, 1H);10.68*, 10.91 (s, 1H).

Example 39:2-Acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-N-{4-[1,1,1-trifluoro-4-(3-fluoro-3-methylazetidin-1-yl)-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

Step 1:3-[4-[(2-acetyl-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-1-carbonyl)amino]phenyl]-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoicacid

To a solution of methyl3-(4-(2-acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxamido)phenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate(Example 32, 705 mg, 1.21 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (8 mL), aqueous NaOH(1.822 mL, 3.64 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred atrt for 2 h 40 mins. The reaction mixture was diluted by addition ofEtOAc (50 mL), ice (25 g) was added, and the pH was adjusted to ca 2 byaddition of diluted aqueous HCl. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc(200 mL). The organic layer was washed with water (1×25 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give acrude (670 mg, 97%), which was used without further purification.

LC/MS: m/z=567 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers,4*:1) δ 1.99, 2.15* (s, 3H); 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H); 3.47*, 3.48 (s, 2H);4.78-5.07 (m, 2H); 5.73*, 5.93 (s, 1H); 7.58-7.79 (m, 5H); 7.90 (d, 1H);7.97-8.06 (s, 1H); 10.68*, 10.91 (s, 1H), 12.70 (br.s, 1H).

Step 2:2-Acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-N-{4-[1,1,1-trifluoro-4-(3-fluoro-3-methylazetidin-1-yl)-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

To a mixture of 3-fluoro-3-methylazetidine hydrochloride (18.62 mg, 0.15mmol) and3-(4-(2-acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxamido)phenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoicacid (product of step 1 of the synthesis of Example 39, 70 mg, 0.12mmol) in EtOAc (1 mL), Et₃N (0.069 mL, 0.49 mmol) was added followed byT3P (50% in EtOAc, 0.147 mL, 0.25 mmol) and the reaction mixture wasstirred at rt for 45 min. The reaction mixture was partitioned betweenEtOAc (150 mL) and water (15 mL). The layers were separated in a phaseseparator and the organic layer was washed further with water (2×20 mL),dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and the filtrate was purified using RP-HPLC(chromatographic conditions: gradient 5-95% ACN in 0.1M HCO₂H, pH3;column: Waters Sunfire C18 ODB 5μ 30×150 mm) to give 16.4 mg (21%) ofthe title compound.

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₇H₂₆F₇N₃O₅S+H)⁺ 638.1559; found (ESI [M+H]⁺)638.1541.

¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 1.57 (d, 3H);1.99, 2.15* (s, 3H); 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H); 3.28-3.38 (m, 2H); 3.83-3.91(m, 2H); 4.28-4.43 (m, 2H); 4.76-5.07 (m, 2H); 5.73*, 5.92 (s, 1H);7.45-7.56 (m, 2H); 7.57-7.80 (m, 3H), 7.90 (d, 1H); 7.97-8.03 (m, 1H);10.67*, 10.91 (s, 1H).

Example 40: Propan-2-yl3-[4-({[2-acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-yl]carbonyl}amino)phenyl]-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate

To a solution of3-(4-(2-acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxamido)phenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoicacid (product of step 1 of the synthesis of Example 39, 35 mg, 0.06mmol) in EtOAc (0.6 mL), propan-2-ol (93 mg, 1.54 mmol) was added,followed by Et₃N (0.026 mL, 0.19 mmol) and T3P (50% in EtOAc, 0.074 mL,0.12 mmol). After the addition was completed the reaction mixture wasstirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction mixture was partitioned betweenEtOAc (150 mL) and water (15 mL). The layers were separated in a phaseseparator. The organic layer was washed further with water (2×15 mL),dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo.The residue was dissolved in DMSO (1.5 mL), filtered and the filtratewas purified using SFC1-MS (chromatographic conditions: MeOH/NH₃ 20 mM;column: Waters BEH 5 μm 30×250 mm) to give 13 mg (35%) of the titlecompound.

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₆H₂₆F₆N₂O₆S+H)⁺ 609.1494; found (ESI [M+H]⁺)609.1513.

¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 1.05-1.08 (m,6H); 1.99, 2.15* (s, 3H); 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H); 3.51*, 3.52 (s, 2H);4.72-5.08 (m, 3H); 5.73*, 5.92 (s, 1H); 7.56-7.79 (m, 5H); 7.90 (dd,1H); 7.98-8.04 (m, 1H); 10.69*, 10.93 (s, 1H).

Examples 41-44

Examples 41-44 (Table 3) were prepared using similar procedures to thosedescribed in examples 39 and 40.

Example 41:2-Acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-N-(4-{1,1,1-trifluoro-4-[(2-fluoroethyl)amino]-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl}phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamideExample 42:2-Acetyl-N-{4-[4-(dimethylamino)-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamideExample 43:2-Acetyl-N-{4-[4-(tert-butylamino)-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamideExample 44: tert-Butyl3-[4-({[2-acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-yl]carbonyl}amino)phenyl]-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate

TABLE 3 Example No. Structure MS + NMR 41

LC/MS: m/z = 610 [M − H]⁻. NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers,4*:1) δ 1.99, 2.15* (s, 3H); 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H); 3.28 (dq, 2H); 3.38*,3.39 (s, 2H); 4.34 (dt, 2H); 4.78-5.07 (m, 2H); 5.72*, 5.93 (s, 1H);7.57-7.79 (m, 5H); 7.90 (d, 1H); 7.97-8.06 (m, 1H); 8.48-8.51 (m, 1H);10.67*, 10.90 (s, 1H). 42

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₅H₂₅F₆N₃O₅S + H)⁺ 594.1497; found (ESI [M + H]⁺)594.1480. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO- d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 1.99,2.15* (s, 3H); 2.75 (s, 3H); 3.09 (s, 3H); 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H); 3.57*,3.58 (s, 2H); 4.78-5.08 (m, 2H); 5.72*, 5.92 (s, 1H); 7.44-7.53 (m, 2H);7.59-7.83 (m, 3H), 7.90 (d, 1H); 7.99*, 8.02 (s, 1H); 10.65*, 10.89 (s,1H). 43

LC/MS: m/z = 620 [M − H]⁻. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture ofrotamers, 4*:1) δ 1.15 (s, 9H); 1.99, 2.15* (s, 3H); 3.20, 3.21* (s,3H); 3.28*, 3.29 (s, 2H); 4.77-5.08 (m, 2H); 5.72*, 5.92 (s, 1H);7.56-7.67 (m, 4H); 7.70 (d, 1H); 7.77*, 7.78 (s, 1H); 7.90 (d, 1H);7.99*, 8.02 (s, 1H); 10.68*, 10.92 (s, 1H). 44

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₇H₂₈F₆N₂O₆S + H)⁺ 623.1650; found (ESI [M + H]⁺)623.1693. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO- d₆, mixture of rotamers, 2*:1) 6 1.24*,1.25 (s, 9H); 1.99, 2.15* (s, 3H); 3.21, 3.22* (s, 3H); 3.43*, 3.44 (s,2H); 4.75- 5.07 (m, 2H); 5.72*, 5.92 (s, 1H); 7.58- 7.80 (m, 5H); 7.90(d, 1H); 8.00*, 8.03 (s, 1H); 10.69*, 10.92 (s, 1H).

Example 45:2-Acetyl-N-{4-[4-(acetylamino)-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1l-carboxamide

Step 1:N-[4-[3-acetamido-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-1-carboxamide

To a solution of tert-butyl1-((4-(4-acetamido-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamoyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate(Intermediate 13, 99 mg, 0.15 mmol) in DCM (1.5 mL), TFA (0.5 mL, 6.49mmol) was added and the resulting solution was stirred at rt for 1 h.The volatiles were removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc(150 mL), washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (15 mL), driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to givethe title compound as a crude (80 mg, 95%) which was used in the nextstep without further purification.

LC/MS: m/z=552 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2:2-Acetyl-N-{4-[4-(acetylamino)-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide

To a solution ofN-(4-(4-acetamido-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl)phenyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxamide(product of step 1 of the synthesis of Example 45, 80 mg, 0.15 mmol) inpyridine (1 mL), Ac₂O (0.041 mL, 0.44 mmol) was added and the reactionmixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The volatiles were removed in vacuo.The residue was dissolved in methanol (3 mL), concentrated in vacuo.This process was repeated for several times. The residue was dissolvedin EtOAc (150 mL), washed with water (3×10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue wasdissolved in DMSO (2 mL), filtered and purified by SFC1-MS(chromatographic conditions: MeOH/NH₃ 20 mM, L; column: Phenomenex LunaHilic 5μ 30×250 mm) to give 17.5 mg (98%) of the title compound.

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₅H₂₅F₆N₃O₅S+H)⁺ 594.1497; found (ESI [M+H]⁺)594.1510.

¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆, mixture of rotamers, 4*:1) δ 1.82 (s, 3H);1.99, 2.15* (s, 3H); 2.47-2.51 (m, 2H); 2.97-3.08 (m, 2H); 3.21, 3.22*(s, 3H); 4.76-5.08 (m, 2H); 5.73*, 5.93 (s, 1H); 7.61-7.79 (m, 5H); 7.91(d, 1H); 8.00*, 8.03 (s, 1H); 8.06 (t, 1H); 10.73*, 10.96 (s, 1H).

Biological Data

Compounds according to Formula I are RORγ modulators and theiractivities were determined in one of the following assays.

RORγ Radioligand Competition Binding Assay

The aim of this assay is to identify compounds which bind to the RORγligand binding domain, by competing with tritiated2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-N-(4-(2-(methoxymethyl)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)acetamide.

Preparation of Tritiated2-(4-(Ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-N-(4-(2-(methoxymethyl)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)acetamide

Step 1: N-(4-Bromothiophen-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide

The trifluoroacetate salt of 4-bromothiophen-2-amine (2.45 g, 8.42 mmol,obtained by deprotection of tert-butyl N-(4-bromo-2-thienyl)carbamatewith TFA in DCM) was added to 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetic acid (2g, 8.76 mmol), EDC (2.016 g, 10.51 mmol) and DMAP (3.21 g, 26.29 mmol)in DCM (30 mL) under nitrogen. The resulting mixture was stirred at rtfor 12 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), andwashed sequentially with water (150 mL) and saturated brine (125 mL).The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and evaporated toafford the crude product. The crude product was purified by flash silicachromatography, elution gradient 10% to 60% EtOAc in petroleum ether.Pure fractions were evaporated to dryness to affordN-(4-bromothiophen-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide (2.0 g,61%) as a solid.

LC/MS: m/z=388, 390 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.09, (t, 3H),3.26 (q, 2H), 3.85 (s, 2H), 6.63 (d, 1H), 7.06, (d, 1H), 7.58 (d, 2H),7.84 (d, 2H), 11.64 (s, 1H).

Step 2:2-(4-(Ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-N-(4-(2-(methoxymethyl)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)acetamide

PdCl₂(dppf) (9.42 mg, 0.01 mmol) was added toN-(4-bromothiophen-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide (100 mg,0.26 mmol), (2-(methoxymethyl)phenyl)boronic acid (85 mg, 0.52 mmol) andK₂CO₃ (107 mg, 0.77 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (4 mL) and water (0.5 mL) at25° C. under nitrogen. The resulting mixture was stirred at 100° C. for5 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (10 mL) and extractedwith EtOAc (30×2 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filteredand evaporated to afford yellow solid. The crude product was purified byflash C18-flash chromatography, elution gradient 5 to 50% ACN in water.Pure fractions were evaporated to dryness to afford2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-N-(4-(2-(methoxymethyl)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)acetamide(81 mg, 73.2%) as a solid.

HRMS: calculated for (C₂₂H₂₃NO₄S+H)⁺ 430.1133; found: (ESI [M+H]⁺)430.1147.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.29 (t, 3H), 3.11 (q, 2H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.82(s, 2H), 4.38 (s, 2H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 7.28-7.39 (m, 3H),7.43-7.47 (m, 1H), 7.51 (d, 2H), 7.85 (d, 2H), 8.35 (s, 1H).

Step 3: Tritiation of2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-N-(4-(2-(methoxymethyl)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)acetamide

2-(4-(Ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-N-(4-(2-(methoxymethyl)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)acetamide(2.3 mg, 5.35 μmol) and 1-iodopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (1.3 mg, 5.78 μmol)were dissolved in DCM (0.2 mL) and TFA (0.02 mL) was added. The reactionmixture was stirred for 5 min, then concentrated by a stream ofnitrogen. The residue was dissolved in EtOH (0.4 mL), triethylamine (20μl, 144.28 μmol) was added and the solution was transferred to atritiation vial containing Pd/C (3 mg, 2.82 μmol, 10% Pd). The vial wasdegassed by 3 freeze-pump-thaw-cycles. The flask was filled with T₂ gas(290 GBq). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 2.5 h. T₂ gas wasrecovered via the washing bed and the reaction mixture was concentratedby a stream of nitrogen. MeOH (0.7 mL) was added and the reactionmixture was concentrated by a stream of nitrogen. This procedure wasrepeated 3 times. The reaction mixture was filtered and dissolved inMeOH (15 mL total). After evaporation, the crude product was dissolvedin DMSO and purified by preparative HPLC on a XBridge C18 column (10 μm,250×19 mm) using a gradient of 5-95% ACN in H₂O/ACN/HOAc 95/5/0.5 bufferover 40 min with a flow of 15 m/min. The product was detected by UV at244 nm. Yield: 1717 MBq.

Protein Production

Human RORγ (Ligand Binding Domain (RORγ LBD) was expressed in E. coli(BL21DE3 Star) as a fusion protein: N-6xHN-Avi-GST-TCS-hRORγ LBD(S258-K518) subcloned into pET24a(+). The LBD (258-518) is underlined inthe protein sequence:

(SEQ ID NO.: 1) HNHNHNHNHNHNGGLNDIFEAQKIEWHEGSPILGYWKIKGLVQPTRLLLEYLEEKYEEHLYERDEGDKWRNKKFELGLEFPNLPYYIDGDVKLTQSMAIIRYIADKHNMLGGCPKERAEISMLEGAVLDIRYGVSRIAYSKDFETLKVDFLSKLPEMLKMFEDRLCHKTYLNGDHVTHPDFMLYDALDVVLYMDPMCLDAFPKLVCFKKRIEAIPQIDKYLKSSKYIAWPLQGWQATFGGGDHPPKSDYDIPTTGSGSGSLVPRGSTPEAPYASLTEIEHLVQSVCKSYRETCQLRLEDLLRQRSNIFSREEVTGYQRKSMWEMWERCAHHLTEAIQYVVEFAKRLSGFMELCQNDQIVLLKAGAMEVVLVRMCRAYNADNRTVPPEGKYGGMELFRALGCSELISSIFDFSHSLSALHFSEDEIALYTALVLINAHRPGLQEKRKVEQLQYNLELAFHHHLCKTHRQSILAKLPPKGKLRSLCSQHVERLQIFQHLHPIVVQAAFPPLYKELFSTETESPVGLSK.The bacteria was grown in TB with Autoinduction media (Stock50×ZYM-5052: 25% Glycerol, 2.5% Glucose, 10% Lactose), 3 mM MgOAc and100 ug/ml Kan A. The culture was incubated at 180 rpm, at 37° C. AtOD600 1.9, the temperature was decreased to 20° C. and at OD600 7.9 thecells were harvested. After centrifugation the bacterial pellet wasresuspended in ice cold Lysis Buffer (20 mM Tris pH8.0, 250 mM NaCl, 10%(v/v) Glycerol, 0.5% CHAPS (w/v), 20 mM Imidazole, 1 mM TCEP, 1×Protease inhibitor (Complete, Roche), 1 μl Benzonase/100 ml buffer(E1014, Sigma)). Lysis was performed on ice at 30 kpsi using a Celldisruptor. To remove cell debris the sample was centrifuged at 48 000×g(20 000 rpm) for 20 min, at 4° C.

The protein was purified in two steps at rt. The 6xHN tag was utilizedin the first affinity purification step where lysate was run over aHisTrap 5 ml Crude column (Amersham Pharmacia) using ÄKTA FPLC system(Amersham Pharmacia). After washing with Affinity purification buffer A(20 mM Tris pH8.0, 250 mM NaCl, 10% (v/v) Glycerol, 0.5% CHAPS (w/v), 20mM Imidazole, 1 mM TCEP), proteins were eluted with a step gradient(50-100-150-200-250-300-500 mM Imidazole). Fractions of 0.5 ml volumewere collected and analysed with SDS-PAGE (Novex system) and Coomassiestaining. Fractions containing protein with expected molecular weight(from 50 mM Imidazole elution step) were pooled. The pool also containedprotein with molecular weight corresponding to free GST. To separate GSTfrom GST-RORγ a second size exclusion purification step was performedusing a SEC Sephadex200 16/60 column (Amersham Pharmacia) at 0.8 ml/minin Size Exclusion/Storage Buffer (20 mM Tris pH8.0, 150 mM KCl, 0.5 mMEDTA, 20% (v/v) Glycerol, 0.5% (w/v) CHAPS, 1 mM TCEP). Fractions of 0.5ml volume were collected and were analysed on a gel as described above.Fractions with no or low levels of the band corresponding to free GST,were pooled, frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80° C. for use inthe SPA binding assay.

Assay Protocol

The scintillation proximity assay (SPA) was run in white polystyreneflat-bottom 384-well plates (Greiner, cat. No. 781075). Assays werecarried out in 40 μl reaction volumes. Various concentrations of testligands in 0.4 microlitres of DMSO were added to assay plates using anacoustic liquid dispenser. 4 nM purified N—(HN)6-GST-TCS-hRORγ (258-518)was mixed with 40 micrograms Yttrium oxide (YOx) glutathione SPA imagingbeads in assay buffer (20 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 10% Glycerol, 0.25%CHAPS, 1 mM TCEP) prior to adding 30 microlitres to test ligands. Assayplates were incubated for one hour at room temperature before adding 10microlitres tritiated2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-N-(4-(2-(methoxymethyl)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)acetamideto test plates in assay buffer (final concentration, 25 nM). Test plateswere incubated for 16 hours and read using a LEADseeker Multimodalityimaging instrument.

The raw data was analysed and IC50 and Ki values for the compounds werecalculated using Genedata Screener software. Raw data was transformed to% effect using equation 1:

Compound % effect=100*[(X−min)/(max−min)],

where X represents the normalized value for the compound based on theMin (vehicle) and Max (reference compound) inhibition controls.

The concentration of test ligand that inhibited radioligand binding by50% (i.e., the IC₅₀) was calculated by plotting the % effect versus testligand concentration and fitting the data using the Genedata ScreenerSmart fit algorithm. K_(i) is calculated from the IC₅₀ value using theequation Ki=IC50/1+[L]/Kd) where [L]=25 nmol/L and K_(d)=17 nmol/L

RORγ Co-Factor Recruitment Assay

A high throughput coactivator binding assay for the identification ofinverse agonists of the recruitment of peptide SRC-1 (NCOA1_677-_700) tothe RORγ ligand binding domain was established.

Protein Production

The ligand binding domain (LBD) of human RORγ was expressed in E. coli(BL21DE3 Star) as a fusion protein:N-6xHN-MBP-Avi-TCS-hRORγLBD(P260-K518) subcloned into pET24a(+). The LBD(P260-K518) is underlined in the protein sequence:

(SEQ ID NO.: 2) MHNHNHNHNHNHNGGLNDIFEAQKIEWHEGMKIEEGKLVIWINGDKGYNGLAEVGKKFEKDTGIKVTVEHPDKLEEKFPQVAATGDGPDIIFWAHDRFGGYAQSGLLAEITPDKAFQDKLYPFTWDAVRYNGKLIAYPIAVEALSLIYNKDLLPNPPKTWEEIPALDKELKAKGKSALMFNLQEPYFTWPLIAADGGYAFKYENGKYDIKDVGVDNAGAKAGLTFLVDLIKNKHMNADTDYSIAEAAFNKGETAMTINGPWAWSNIDTSKVNYGVTVLPTFKGQPSKPFVGVLSAGINAASPNKELAKEFLENYLLTDEGLEAVNKDKPLGAVALKSYEEELAKDPRIAATMENAQKGEIMPNIPQMSAFWYAVRTAVINAASGRQTVDEALKDAQTGSDYDIPTTGSGSGSLVPRGSTPEAPYASLTEIEHLVQSVCKSYRETCQLRLEDLLRQRSNIFSREEVTGYQRKSMWEMWERCAHHLTEAIQYVVEFAKRLSGFMELCQNDQIVLLKAGAMEVVLVRMCRAYNADNRTVFFEGKYGGMELFRALGCSELISSIFDFSHSLSALHFSEDEIALYTALVLINAHRPGLQEKRKVEQLQYNLELAFHHHLCKTHRQSILAKLPPKGKLRSLCSQHVERLQIFQHLHPIVVQAAFPPLYKELFSTETESPVGLSK.

Bacterial colonies were picked and inoculated in 16×500 mL TB mediumsupplemented with 25 mM (NH₄)₂SO₄, 50 mM KH₂PO₄, 50 mM Na₂HPO₄, 0.8% v/vGlycerol, 0.05% w/v Glucose, 0.2% w/v α-Lactose, 1 mM MgSO₄ and 200μg/ml Kanamycin to promote autoinduction. After incubation at 37° C. at200 rpm for two hours the temperature was decreased to 20° C. When theOD600 was 12.4, the temperature was further decreased to 16° C. Cellswere harvested at OD600 24 by centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 10 min at4° C. The pellet, approximately ˜320 g was stored at −80° C.

The pellet was resuspended in 1600 mL Lysis Buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, 10%v/v Glycerol, 1 mM TCEP, 2 tablets Protease Inhibitor/100 mL LysisBuffer (Complete, Roche), 4 μl Benzonase/100 mL Lysis Buffer (E1014,Sigma), pH 8.0). Lysis was performed at 25 kpsi using Cell disruptor(Constant Cell Disruptor Systems). The sample was kept on ice during thewhole lysis procedure. For removal of cell debris, the lysed cells wereultracentrifuged at 143719×g (43000 rpm) for 45 min at 4° C. Thesupernatant was stored at −80° C.

The thawed supernatant was captured utilizing the N-6xHN tag with washed100 mL NiNTA Superflow resin (Qiagen) in Wash Buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, 50mM NaCl, 30 mM Imidazole, 10% v/v Glycerol, 1 mM TCEP, pH 8.0) andslowly stirred with a magnetic bar at rt. After 1.5 hours thesupernatant was removed by vacuum suction through a porcelain funnel(sieve size 2). The resin, with the captured protein was washed with 700mL Wash Buffer and transferred to three PD columns with filter (GE).Each column was eluted with 10 mL+90 mL Elution Buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl,50 mM NaCl, 300 mM Imidazole, 10% v/v Glycerol, 1 mM TCEP, pH 8.0) andcollected. All fractions from the columns were pooled and analysed withSDS-PAGE (Novex System) and stained in coomassie. The pooled sample wasconcentrated to ˜30 mL using concentrators with 30K cutoff (Amicon,Millipore) at 4000 rpm and at 4° C. The concentrated sample wasclarified at 30000×g for 15 min at 4° C. After centrifugation a smallpellet of aggregated protein was visible which was discarded. In a sizeexclusion column (XK50/60, GE) 1000 mL Superdex 200 resin (GE) wasequilibrated with GF Buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, 10% v/vGlycerol, 1 mM TCEP, pH 8.0). The concentrated sample was loaded ontothe column at the flow rate 6 m/min and 14 mL fractions were collected.The fractions were analysed on a gel as described above. Fractionscontaining the major band which corresponded to the expected molecularweight for N-6xHN-MBP-Avi-TCS-hRORγLBD(P260-K518) (75.9 kDa) werecollected and pooled. To further verify the mass, the pooled sample wasanalysed using mass spectrometry (Waters) and the mass corresponded tothe expected mass. From 8 litres culture (˜320 g bacteria cells) 348 mgof N-6xHN-MBP-Avi-TCS-hRORγLBD(P260-K518) was purified. Purified proteinwas flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80° C.

Protein N-6xHN-MBP-Avi-TCS-hRORγLBD(P260-K518), 42 μM (223 mg) purifiedas described above was incubated with 15000 units BirA/μL (Avidity LLC)in 70 mL Biotinylation Buffer (200 μM Biotin, 10 mM ATP, 10 mM Mg₂OAc)at rt whilst slowly stirring with a magnetic bar for 9 hours. Thereaction was analysed using mass spectrometry and the mass determined tobe 76.2 kDa corresponding to biotinylatedN-6xHN-MBP-Avi-TCS-hRORγLBD(P260-K518). After centrifugation at 19000rpm for 15 min at 4° C. precipitation was visible which was discarded.The sample was concentrated as described above to ˜25 mL. The reactionwas polished in size exclusion columns (HiLoad Superdex 200 26/60, GE)equilibrated with GF Buffer using a flow rate of 2.5 mL/min and 2mL/fractions were collected. The fractions were analysed on a gel asdescribed above. Fractions containing the major band which correspondedto the expected molecular weight for biotinylatedN-6xHN-MBP-Avi-TCS-hRORγ LBD(P260-K518) (76.2 kDa) were collected andpooled. The estimated yield was ˜185 mg. Biotinylated protein was flashfrozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80° C.

Assay Protocol

The assay was run in black 384 well plates (Greiner cat no: 784900).Various concentrations of test ligands in 0.1 microlitres DMSO weredispensed to assay plates using an Echo acoustic dispenser. Twopre-mixes were prepared and incubated for 1 h at room temp in the dark.Pre-mix 1 comprised 100 nM Protein (Biotinylated HN-Avi-MBP-TCS-hRORγ(258-518)) and 60 nM Streptavidin APC in assay buffer, 50 mM MOPS pH7.4,50 mM KF, 0.003% (w/v) CHAPS, 10 mM DTT and 0.01% (w/v) BSA and pre-mix2 comprised 160 nM biotinylated SRC-1 peptide (NCOA1-677-700) and 20 nMEuropium-W8044 labelled Streptavidin in assay buffer. Five microlitresof pre-mix 2 was dispensed to assay plates containing 0.1 microlitres oftest compound and was incubated for 15 min prior to adding fivemicrolitres of pre-mix 1. Plates were incubated at rt for 1 hour in thedark, prior to reading in a Pherastar multi-mode plate reader using HTRFfilter set (ex 320, em 612 and 665). The FRET signal at 665 nm wasdivided by the signal at 612 nm and multiplied by 10,000 to generate asignal ratio value for each well. The raw data was transformed to %effect using the equation:

Compound % effect=100*[(X−min)/(max−min)],

where X represents the normalized value for the compound based on theMin (vehicle) and Max (reference compound) inhibition control.

The concentration of test ligand that inhibited the activity by 50%(i.e., the IC₅₀) was calculated by plotting the % effect versus testligand concentration and fitting the data using the Genedata ScreenerSmart fit algorithm.

Inhibition of IL-17 Release from Human T_(H)17 Cells

This test is designed to screen compounds for their inhibitory effect onthe release of IL-17 from isolated and cultured human T_(H)17 cells.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from heparintreated human whole blood from healthy donors by density gradientcentrifugation. T_(H)17 cells (CD4+CXCR3−CCR6+) were enriched using ahuman T_(H)17 Cell Enrichment Kit (Stemcell Technologies) according tothe manufacturer's protocol. The isolated T_(H)17 cells were activatedwith aCD3aCD28 beads (MACS Miltenyi) and cultured in X-Vivo15 medium(Lonza) supplemented with L-glutamine, β-mercaptoethanol and a cytokinecocktail consisting of; IL-2, IL-23, IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β. Cells wereseeded at 8000 cells/well in a 384-plate (Corning, #3707) in thepresence of compounds or DMSO and cultured for 4 days (37° C., 5% CO₂).On day 4 supernatants were collected and IL-17A was measured using aHuman IL-17 HTRF Assay kit (Cisbio Bioassays) according to themanufacturer's protocol. The IC₅₀ values for the tested compounds wascalculated using Genedata Screener® software (Genedata) using thefollowing calculation method;

Compound % effect=100*[(X−min)/(max−min)],

where X represents the normalized value for the compound based on theMin (DMSO) and Max (compound3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-oneat 10 μM, described in J. R. Hu et al. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4,79-84) inhibition controls.

Results

All exemplified compounds were tested in the FRET assay described above.All of the exemplified compounds were also tested in the SPA assay.Selected compounds were further characterized for the inhibition ofI1-17 release in the cell assay. Results are summarized in the tablebelow.

TABLE 5 Screening results of exemplified compounds pIC₅₀ pIC₅₀ pIC₅₀Example No. (FRET) (SPA) IL-17 release  1 6.9 6.7 7.0  2 6.9 7.8 8.0  36.6 7.7 7.8  4 7.2 7.9 8.1  5 7.3 7.9 8.0  6 7.4 8.0 —  7 7.3 7.9 —  87.3 7.9 —  9 7.0 8.0 — 10 7.1 7.6 — 11 6.8 7.6 — 12 7.0 8.1 7.6 13 7.28.2 8.3 14 7.4 8.3 8.6 15 7.4 8.3 8.4 16 7.4 8.2 — 17 7.0 7.5 7.7 18 6.77.3 7.6 19 7.0 6.9 7.3 20 7.0 7.0 7.3 21 6.9 6.5 7.0 22 6.0 6.0 6.1 237.4 7.7 7.8 24 7.3 7.5 — 25 7.4 8.2 — 26 6.0 6.2 — 27 <4.5 8.1 — 28 7.48.1 — 29 7.0 7.4 — 30 6.9 7.4 7.6 31 6.7 6.1 6.7 32 7.3 7.6 7.8 33 6.86.6 6.7 34 6.9 7.7 7.7 35 7.4 8.0 8.2 36 7.0 6.8 7.2 37 7.0 7.8 7.6 386.2 6.1 6.0 39 <4.5 6.4 — 40 <4.5 7.9 — 41 6.5 6.1 <5.5  42 6.5 6.1 6.143 6.8 6.1 6.6 44 <4.5 7.8 — 45 6.7 6.1 5.5

1-15. (canceled)
 16. A method of treating a disease state in a humansuffering from said disease state, which comprises administering to thehuman in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of acompound of formula (I):

wherein: R¹ is H, (CO)R⁴ or (CO)NH—C₁₋₆ alkyl; R² is C₁₋₆ alkyl orCH₂-cyclopropyl; R³ is C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, CN, heterocycloalkyl,heteroaryl, NR⁵R⁶, CH₂(CO)—O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, CH₂(CO)NR⁷R⁸, wherein said C₁₋₆alkyl is further optionally substituted with one substituent selectedfrom OH, halo, CN, heteroaryl, or NH(CO)Me, and wherein each heteroarylis further optionally substituted with one methyl group; R⁴ is: H; C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with one substituent selected from OH, C₁₋₆alkoxy, COOH or NH₂; C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl optionally substituted with C₁₋₆alkoxy; or C₁₋₆ alkoxy; R⁵ is H or C₁₋₆ alkyl; R⁶ is C₁₋₆ alkyl orheterocycloalkyl, wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl is further optionallysubstituted with one substituent selected from OH, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl (itself optionally substituted by C₁₋₆ alkoxy) or SO₂Me; R⁷is H or C₁₋₆ alkyl; R⁸ is C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl or C₁₋₆ alkyl wherein saidC₁₋₆ alkyl is further optionally substituted with halo; or R⁷ and R⁸together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached form aheterocycloalkyl (itself optionally substituted with one or twosubstituents selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl or halo); or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein the disease state is selected fromulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, inflammatorybowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, graft versus host disease, systemiclupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis.
 17. The method of treatingaccording to claim 16, wherein R¹ is (CO)R⁴ or (CO)NH—C₁₋₆ alkyl; R² isC₁₋₆ alkyl or CH₂-cyclopropyl; R³ is C₁₋₆ alkoxy, CN orheterocycloalkyl; and R⁴ is: C₁₋₆ alkyl optionally substituted with OH;or C₁₋₆ alkoxy.
 18. The method of treating according to claim 16,wherein R¹ is (CO)R⁴.
 19. The method of treating according to claim 16,wherein R⁴ is unsubstituted C₁₋₆ alkyl.
 20. The method of treatingaccording to claim 16, wherein R² is unsubstituted C₁₋₆ alkyl.
 21. Themethod of treating according to claim 16, wherein R³ is CN.
 22. Themethod of treating according to claim 16, wherein the compound isselected from:N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-[4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-2-[(1-methoxycyclopropyl)carbonyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;N¹-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-N²-methyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindole-1,2-dicarboxamide;N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-2-(hydroxyacetyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-2-formyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;Methyl1-{[4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]carbamoyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindole-2-carboxylate;N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-2-(methoxyacetyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;4-[1-{[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]carbamoyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl]-4-oxobutanoicacid;N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-2-glycyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-(3-Aminopropanoyl)-N-[4-[1-cyano-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-5-methylsulfonyl-isoindoline-1-carboxamide;N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-[(cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-[4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-[(cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-[4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(ethylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(propylamino)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-(4-{1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-[(2-methoxyethyl)amino]propan-2-yl}phenyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-{[(1-methoxycyclopropyl)methyl]amino}propan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(oxetan-3-ylamino)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylamino)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-(4-{1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]propan-2-yl}phenyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-{[3-(methylsulfonyl)propyl]amino}propan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(morpholin-4-yl)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(methylamino)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-{4-[2-(dimethylamino)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-{[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}propan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-{[2-(propan-2-yloxy)ethyl]amino}propan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methoxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;Methyl4,4,4-trifluoro-3-[4-[(5-methylsulfonylisoindoline-1-carbonyl)amino]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate;Methyl3-[4-({[2-acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-yl]carbonyl}amino)phenyl]-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate;2-Acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-N-{4-[1,1,1-trifluoro-4-hydroxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-(4-{1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-[(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methyl]propan-2-yl}phenyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-N-{4-[1,1,1,4-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-{4-[2-(cyanomethyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;Ethyl3-[4-({[2-acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-yl]carbonyl}amino)phenyl]-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate;2-Acetyl-N-{4-[4-(cyclopropylamino)-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-N-{4-[1,1,1-trifluoro-4-(3-fluoro-3-methylazetidin-1-yl)-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;Propan-2-yl3-[4-({[2-acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-yl]carbonyl}amino)phenyl]-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate;2-Acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-N-(4-{1,1,1-trifluoro-4-[(2-fluoroethyl)amino]-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl}phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-{4-[4-(dimethylamino)-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-{4-[4-(tert-butylamino)-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;tert-Butyl3-[4-({[2-acetyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-yl]carbonyl}amino)phenyl]-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoate;and2-Acetyl-N-{4-[4-(acetylamino)-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamideor a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 23. The method oftreating according to claim 16, wherein the compound is selected from:2-Acetyl-N-[4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;N¹-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-N²-methyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindole-1,2-dicarboxamide;N-[4-(2-Cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-2-(hydroxyacetyl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;Methyl1-{[4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]carbamoyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindole-2-carboxylate;2-Acetyl-N-[4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-[(cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-[4-(2-cyano-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(ethylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;2-Acetyl-N-{4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-2-yl]phenyl}-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;and2-Acetyl-N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methoxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxamide;or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 24. The method oftreating according to claim 16, wherein the disease state is ulcerativecolitis.
 25. The method of treating according to claim 16, wherein thedisease state is Crohn's disease.
 26. The method of treating accordingto claim 16, wherein the disease state is multiple sclerosis.
 27. Themethod of treating according to claim 16, wherein the disease state isinflammatory bowel disease.
 28. The method of treating according toclaim 16, wherein the disease state is rheumatoid arthritis.
 29. Themethod of treating according to claim 16, wherein the disease state isgraft versus host disease.
 30. The method of treating according to claim16, wherein the disease state is systemic lupus erythematosus.
 31. Themethod of treating according to claim 16, wherein the disease state islupus nephritis.